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Page 14 of 936 Results 131 - 140 of 9356

Giovanni Caruso, Noemi Orazi, Stefano Paoloni, Ugo Zammit, Fulvio Mercuri
Active infrared thermography for the analysis of ancient books

Active infrared thermography has revealed to be an effective technique for non destructive analysis of ancient books. The working principle relies on heating the sample through the absorption of visible light and on subsequent detection of the infrared emission by means of a infrared camera. The technique allows one to investigate features buried into the artworks interior, affecting the heat diffusion inside the sample and inducing a variation in the infrared emission. In particular, it is possible to read written scraps used for the end leafs of old books and located between the end papers and the covers, which is of significant importance for scholars studying the manuscripts. This possibility is discussed in the present paper. A mathematical model for computing the signal contrast and the blurring of the thermographic image of a ink layer buried inside a paper sheet is recalled. Some numerical simulations are presented to asses the effectiveness of the model. Finally, some experimental results are also presented, in qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Daniela Galazzo, Shirly Ben Dor, Assaf Yasur-Landau
The Application of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and Multispectral analysis on Ancient Egyptian Coffin-lids at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem: a New Analytic Approach to Workshop Identification

This ongoing project (until September 2023) focuses on the study of two anthropoid coffin-lids donated to the Israel Museum in the early 1980s.
The first one, the coffin-lid of Djedmut, Chantress of Amun-Re (Inv. IMJ 82.2.341), dating from the late 21st Dynasty to the early part of the 22nd Dynasty.
The second one, the coffin-lid of Ptahhotep (Inv. IMJ 82.2.342), can be dated no earlier than the Late Period or even as late as the early Hellenistic Period.
In the present research, RTI is combined with multispectral imaging, valuable for the study of the pigments, to improve a detailed analysis and visualization of the artifacts surface and highlight otherwise difficult-to-perceive features.
This analysis enhances faded decorations, reveals under-drawings, and aids in the identification of pigments, binders, reuses and other minute details of the production process, thus contributing to the identification of specific workshop profiles.

Lorenzo Fei, Francesco Freddolini, Federica Grigoletto, Vincenzo Maria Lacolla, Laura Leopardi, Saverio Giulio Malatesta, Leonora Marzullo, Maria Onori, Giorgio Ortolani, Antonio Pugliano, Paolo Rosati
MirrorLAB: narrative patterns between collections of antiquities and urban landscapes

The MirrorLAB project, nearing completion, seeks to employ innovative tools to enhance Rome s public museum heritage within aristocratic palaces, focusing on their historical and morphological relationship to the city. The project aims to expose cultural content through inter-scalar, inter-modal ICT, making it homogeneous and operable by comparison and aggregation, using a geodatabase for cognitive data and a technological system for disseminating meaningful data within narratives. The initiative is built on three actions: documentation of aristocratic palaces housing art collections from the 16th to 18th century, prototypical representation of existing or virtually reconstructed palace interiors, and the design of a cultural and touristic circuit of publicly-managed palaces-museums, enhanced with augmented reality technologies. To explore the relationships between buildings and their historical occupants, case studies linking museums to past residences are examined. This includes the Boncompagni Ludovisi collection, selected for its typological eloquence, historical stratification, and relational character.

Silvia Bertacchi, Francisco Juan-Vidal, Filippo Fantini
Design Analysis: Research experiences from Alexandrian manuals to Imperial Architecture

Over the last 10 years, an international multidisciplinary research group formed by the Department of Architecture of the University of Bologna, the Instituto Universitario de Restauración del Patrimonio (IRP) of the UPV and the direction of Villa Adriana and Villa d Este Institute, has carried out a series of surveys and analyses on well-known buildings at the Hadrian s Villa. The paper summarises the results of these studies, that besides documentation, are focused on the interpretation of ancient texts related to the world of design. These researches have led to the development of a method for the study and dissemination of ancient design combining a technological component (acquisition with laser scanning and photogrammetric devices), a philological one (integration of theoretical and technical ancient literature), and finally the elaboration of 2D/3D synthesis models capable of expressing and summarising the design steps in a scientifically-oriented paper (from point clouds to 3D digital polygonal models).

Giulia Marsili, Claudia Lamanna
Digital approaches to ancient metrology: new insights into methods and tools for measuring and designing marble in Late Antiquity

The paper deals with a particular category of production indicators, namely circular holes on Late Antique architectural sculpture. The Mediterranean-wide distribution of these graphic signs suggests that they had a defined meaning and function during the production process. A sample of marble objects from Late Antique Ravenna has been 3D digitally surveyed and analysed here as a case study. A comparative assessment of these marks suggests their identification as calliper holes. The evaluation of their positioning on the marble objects provides precise clues to their function for metrological and design purposes. Moreover, it points to a specific carving technique used during manufacture, namely the three-compass method or, alternatively, the pantograph. The chronological distribution of archaeological evidence between the 5th and 6th centuries A.D. makes it possible to link the phenomenon to the floruit of the quarries of Proconnesus and the introduction of new techniques to speed up marble working.

Federica Vacatello
Archaeological data and reliability criteria. A GIS measurement proposal for the study of the Mignone Valley

The quest for useful methods for an effective classification of the multifaceted archaeological reality represents one of the long-standing problems of research in the field, which over the last century has attempted to find valid and functional classification methods for measuring different archaeological features. While in a typological context the debate is quite heated, especially in the classification of individual archaeological objects, in a territorial context the issue is still little addressed, especially if one wonders about the provenance of the information exploited for the development of more general studies on the territory. In this sense, the ever-increasing use of GIS systems as useful tools not only for the management but also for the mathematical analysis of data imposes the need to develop new methodological solutions in order to make GIS models, deriving from territorial analyses, effective systems of archaeological analysis in which the verisimilitude of the final result does not only lie in the correct numerical calculation by the chosen algorithm but above all in the reliability value possessed by each piece of data considered for the analysis itself. The doctoral work conducted on the upper Latium territory of the Mignone Valley, aimed at reconstructing the dynamics of population and the causes of the territorial transformation that occurred here between the 4th and 15th centuries AD, led to the development of a methodological expedient that, albeit small, made it possible to measure the level of chronological and topographical reliability of each datum surveyed, thus significantly influencing the final readings.

Filippo Calcerano, Letizia Martinelli, Elena Verticchio, Luciano Cessari, Elena Gigliarelli
Bioclimatic study of Feng Shui principles in the ancient Chinese village of Chuandixia

Environmental design can play a key role in the study of historic areas as it allows the investigation of traditional settlement principles according to the Genius Loci and the reconstruction of their original functioning processes. Feng Shui is an ancient body of knowledge and practices that evolved from Chinese philosophy embodying the Chinese ecological practice to harmonise people with the environment. This study presents a methodological approach for the bioclimatic numerical analysis of the urban microclimate of Chuandixia, a small village near Beijing (China), built during the Ming era following traditional design principles of Feng Shui. ENVI-met simulation software was used to check the environmental effectiveness of the relationship between the landscape, the local climate conditions, and the morphology of the streets, dwellings, and public spaces of the village. Thanks to a better understanding of the historical settlement, this study serves as the basis to propose design solutions to improve thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption of the building units, enhancing their passive behaviour while respecting the historical, architectural, and cultural significance of the traditional landscape.

Alessandra Pecci, Luis Barba, Agustin Ortiz Butron, Jorge Blancas, Itzayana Bernal, Natalia Moragas
Archaeological prospection methodology at Teotihuacan (Mexico): study of a neighbourhood in the centre of the city

The goal of the project is to investigate the area in the center of Teotihuacan, between San Juan River, the Pyramid of the Sun and the Street of the Dead, named by Millon sectors N2E1 and N2E2, through the combined application of aerial photography with drone, topography, geophysical prospection techniques (magnetic, electric and georadar studies) to identify buried structures besides the study of chemical residues on the soil surface and the distribution of archaeological materials in selected areas, to identify human activities. The data obtained until now, suggest preliminary hypotheses about the distribution and depth of buried buildings, that should be part of a neighborhood with its components such as residential areas, workshops, temples, and squares.

Vincenzo Saverio Alfio, Domenica Costantino, Sorin Herban, Massimiliano Pepe, Alfredo Restuccia Garofalo
From TLS data into H-FEM model based on the quad-mesh: the case study of romanian church

Historical and architectural heritage assets are continuously exposed to a high risk of damage caused not only by natural events but also by poor maintenance or neglect. In order to preserve these structures, it is necessary to carry out a series of multi-level studies that provide a high level of support to all professionals working in this field. The use of appropriate geomatic techniques and instrumentation based on digital acquisition allow for the elaboration of accurate and high-performance 3D models in the various fields of study. This manuscript illustrates a methodology that, starting from the TLS survey of an architectural structure in a Romanian village, has allowed the elaboration of an accurate 3D model which was optimised and transformed into a polygonal mesh model (quad-mesh). This model representing an accurate input data in the subsequent H-FEM (Heritage Finite Element Model) analysis process.

Giulia Chellini, Saverio Giulio Malatesta, Mariflora Caruso, Paola La Torre, Paolo Rosati, Roberta Manzollino
From excavation to digital use, reconstructing and returning the past to small communities: the case of the medieval fortress of Cervara di Roma

The first mentions of the medieval fortress of Cervara di Roma date back to the year 1005. Over the centuries, it was damaged and rebuilt until it became a possession of the Colonna family. Excavation campaigns conducted in the area (2006-2008) have revealed four evolutionary phases, but the meagre archaeological remains do not allow an immediate reading of the area or an easy understanding of the ancient structures. This paper aim to give back to the community the possibility of understanding the evolution of the fortress through virtual reconstructions.
Starting from the studies and sources, the digital reconstruction project of the medieval fortress was developed. It consisted of three actions: a photogrammetric survey by drone, a digital processing of the 3D model and a three-dimensional modelling of the structures that no longer exist.

Page 14 of 936 Results 131 - 140 of 9356