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Page 9 of 938 Results 81 - 90 of 9371

Marika Luci, Filomena De Leo, Clara Urzì, Christian Galasso, Nadia Ruocco, Donatella De Pascale, Sandra Lo Schiavo, Michela Ricca, Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo, Mauro Francesco La Russa
Promising surface-active ionic liquid coatings for underwater cultural heritage conservation

Any submerged inorganic material is promptly colonized by a variety of microorganisms that offer the basis for the settlement of macroorganisms causing the so-called biofouling. The aim of this work is to evaluate applicability and durability of new designed coatings containing Surface-Active Ionic Liquids for the protection of underwater cultural heritage from the first step of biofouling formation. We report here the results of the characterization test performed on limestone and Carrara marble probes (colorimetric and capillary water absorption measurements) and of the UV weathering to evaluate the durability of these coatings. The results have shown that these coatings do not affect the original properties of the stone surfaces and they are stable over time.

Andrea Bergomi, Valeria Comite, Cristina Della Pina, Paula Maria Carmona Quiroga, Laura Maestro-Guijarro, Mohamed Oujja, Ana Crespo Ibanez, Chiara Andrea Lombardi, Mattia Borelli, Marta Castillejo, Paola Fermo
Surface and stratigraphic analysis of black crusts using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

The interaction between atmospheric pollutants and architectural cultural heritage leads to several degradation processes, mainly the formation of black crusts. Numerous studies have highlighted that their elemental composition can be used to determine the main pollutant sources of the surrounding areas. Therefore, black crusts may represent actual registries of pollution sources and may help to understand the evolution of these sources and their impact throughout the years. In this study, a first-ever application of the LIBS technique for the study of black crusts is carried out in order to evaluate the feasibility of this technique (surface analysis) and the in-depth distribution of the elements in the black crusts (stratigraphic analysis). The elemental profile of the black crusts enabled to detect the main pollution sources of the surrounding areas and the variation of their impact throughout the years.

Francesca Alberghina, Valentina Barberis, Patrizia Capizzi, Giulia Comello, Giusseppe Milazzo, Luciana Randazzo, Salvatore Schiavone
From the context knowledge to Assessment of the Architectural Heritage decay: the case of Santa Maria di Vezzolano rectory (AT)

The rectory of Santa Maria di Vezzolano in Albugnano (Asti, Italy) has recently been the subject of a restoration project aimed at solving the deterioration involving the external walls and in particular the main façade. In order to support the plan of restoration project, geophysical and chemical investigations were carried out with the aim of investigating and understanding the causes of decay phenomena. The diagnostic campaign was aimed at documenting the water paths and at understanding which saline species were formed as a result of the progress of the degradation, understanding their origin (linked to capillary rising phenomena and consequent dissolution of constituent and/or restoration materials). Salts migration and consequently stone material erosion were correlated with the evidence provided by non-invasive techniques: the presence of water in the internal walls detectable in IR thermography, and in the subsoil, detectable by geoelectric investigation.

Antonio Paucecch, Luca Lanteri, Francesca Montozzi, Paola Pogliani, Claudia Pelosi
Study and restoration of the Sacra Conversazione by Lorenzo Berrettini and experimental tests to evaluate the application of diammonium phosphate as consolidant for the wall painting

This paper reports the study and restoration of a 17th century wall painting attributed to the artist Lorenzo Berrettini and located in a chapel of Palazzo Orsini at Bomarzo, a little town close to Viterbo, in central Italy. The wall painting was recently restored as activity of a master thesis in conservation and restoration of cultural heritage and on that occasion the artwork was investigated to characterize the materials and techniques with the aim at choosing the best consolidation procedure and product. To reach this goal, multispectral imaging and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were applied on-site. After this non-invasive analysis, some laboratory investigation was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of the diagnostic campaign were used to plan the experimental tests for consolidation by diammonium phosphate dibasic (DAP) that is a relatively new product in the field of restoration of wall painting. The tests demonstrated the good performance of this consolidant product, in respect to traditional nano-lime formulate.

Simone Dilaria, Luigi Germinario, Chiara Girotto, Claudio Mazzoli, Caterina Previato, Giovanna Falezza, Alberta Facchi, Jacopo Bonetto
Archaeometric investigations on ancient funerary stone elements from the National Archaeological Museum of Adria (Rovigo, Italy)

In this paper, we analysed 22 stone samples from Roman and Pre-Roman funerary artefacts found in the ancient Atria, which are currently preserved at the National Archaeological Museum of Adria. The analysis was conducted by Polarized Light Optical Microscopy (PLM) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Atria is situated in the deltaic plain of the Po River, far away from the rock formations historically exploited in the Veneto region of northern Italy. The objective of the research was to determinate the provenance of the stones to understand the trade networks that Atria relied on for obtaining stone materials and the quarries they exploited in antiquity. The results revealed the widespread presence of rock types sourced from the central-western part of Veneto. Among these, trachytes from the Euganean Hills were predominantly utilised, while the soft calcarenite known as Pietra Tenera di Vicenza from the Berici Hills and Scaglia Rossa limestone were used to lesser extent. Furthermore, the use of rhyolites for the construction of a Pre-Roman stele provides new insights into the stone resources quarried from the Euganean Hills prior the Roman era.

Chiara Maria Lebole, Giorgio Di Gangi, Gabriele Sartorio, Marco Ginepro, Giulia Costamagna
Interpreting soils. Archaeology and chemical analysis: Orgéres site (La Thuile, AO - Italy)

Orgères site (La Thuile-AO- 1665m.) is located at the beginning of the Chavannes valley, an alternative road to the Piccolo St. Bernardo pass. The alpine context is difficult to interpret due to continuous reuse of structures from earlier periods to the uninterrupted construction, and the modest amount of archaeological material. This accomplishes several issues not only for re-proposing a precise chronology (derived through very meticulous stratigraphic excavation), but also the intended use of rooms or stratigraphic units. Some excavation areas were initially interpreted through comparison with other contexts. thanks to ethnoarchaeology, but especially to chemical laboratory analysis gave voice to these hypotheses.

Brunella Cipolletta, Myriam Fiore, Georgia Ntasi, Massimo Botto, Leila Birolo, Livia Tirabassi
The challenge of extracting proteins from potteries

Proteomic approaches based on mass spectrometry (MS) have been used successfully in the recent past for the molecular characterisation of several proteins-containing art works and archaeological objects. However, there are still relatively few examples of the successful recovery and identification of proteins from archaeological pottery. This is mostly because ceramics often contain a much lower amount of proteinaceous material, that is also highly contaminated and degraded, thus making proteomic analyses quite challenging. In the attempt to address this issue, we herein report efforts in developing new methods for the detection and characterisation of protein residues deposited in pottery, with results in the analysis of archaeological samples from Pani Loriga as case studies.

Alessandra Pecci, Simona Mileto, Silvia Ritondale, Valeria Amoretti, Luana Toniolo, Daniela Cottica
Wine production and consumption in context: organic residue analysis in the so-called thermopolium V 4, 6-8 at Pompeii

This paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary study of the building V 4, 6-8, at Pompeii. The building was previously interpreted as a wine production installation (Brun and Neyme, 2008). Later, it was further investigated by a team from Ca Foscari University of Venice. Archaeological excavations and further studies revealed that this building underwent a series of changes through time, being gradually converted into a space dedicated to food processing and serving. The organic residue analyses carried out by the University of Barcelona using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirm that this building was used for the production of wine. The identification of other residues (compatible with plant oil and animal products) can be related to the re-use of some of the dolia, reinforcing the evidence of different types of food and beverages being sold in the last phase of life of the building, when it appears to have functioned as a caupona.

Piergiulio Cappelletti, Francesco Izzo, Concetta Rispoli, Antonino Pollio, Antonino De Natale, Mariagioia Petraretti, Andrea Carpentieri, Leila Birolo, Giarita Ferraro, Anna Manzone, Alessandro Vergara, Chiara Melchiorre
A pre-restoration minero-petrographic, chemical and microbiological analysis of the sculpture Real Infante Carlo Tito di Borbone

A minero-petrographic, chemical and microbiological analysis was carried out on the sculpture Real Infante Carlo Tito di Borbone, recently attributed to Giuseppe Sanmartino. A combination of microscopic, spectroscopic, chromatographic characterization along with the isolation of the microbial population was adopted to evaluate the conservation state of the sculpture. The stone composition was characterized and both biodeterioration and traces of previous restoration were detected.

Georgia Ntasi, Brunella Cipolletta, Carmen Aprea, Laura Dello Ioio, Celia Duce, Emanuele Crisci, Emilia Bramanti, Alessandro Vergara, Ilaria Bonaduce, Leila Birolo
Proteomics and spectroscopic analyses for the molecular characterization of collagen-based animal glues

Animal glues are widely used in restoration, as adhesives, binders, and consolidants for organic and inorganic materials. Their variable performances are intrinsically linked to the adhesive characteristics of collagen, which determines the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the glue. A shotgun proteomic analysis provided animal origin, even when blended, and allowed to distinguish between hide and bone glue on the basis of the presence of collagen type III. Proteomics and analytical pyrolysis coupled to GC-MS have been used to analyse chemical modifications in collagen, demonstrating their variability among different glues and showing that, on average, bone glues are less deamidated than hide glues, but more fragmented, and mixed-collagen glues are overall less deamidated than pure glues. Spectroscopic analyses have also been exploited to gain insights in structural changes occurring upon glue preparation from natural materials.

Page 9 of 938 Results 81 - 90 of 9371