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Salvatore Piro, Nicola M. Camerlenghi, Daniela Mondini, Giorgia Pollio, Daniela Zamuner
Ground Penetrating Radar survey at the Basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura (Roma, Italy)

This paper shows the results of a new archaeogeophysics investigation at the Basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura (Roma) carried out thanks to a collaboration between Dartmouth College (USA), the Institute of History and Theory of Art and Architecture of the Università della Svizzera Italiana, the Institute of Heritage Sciences of the CNR of Rome and the Governatorato of Vatican City. The new research includes high-resolution Ground Penetrating Radar surveys and bibliographic and archival analyses, still in progress, concerning the history of the development of building and its liturgical furnishings from the fourth century through modern times. The main purpose of this new study is to understand the evolution of the Basilica’s core, the area around the tomb of St. Paul, which across the centuries attracted attention from pilgrims, popes, and other potentates. The GPR profiles were processed with the aim to obtain a 2D time-slices images and 3D visualization (isosurface) of all reflections in the ground. The results obtained from the geophysical surveys were interpreted together with the archaeologists and historians to define the meaning of the individuated structures and to enhance the knowledge of this historical building.

Francesco Giuri, Angela Calia, Ivan Ferrari, Antonio Monte, Giovanni Quarta, Emilia Vasanelli
The Acait of Tricase (LE, Puglia, Italy): an agricultural cooperative for tobacco production. Surveys and conservation status

The tobacco industry in Puglia has been for about a century the main economic resource for the farmers and the dealers. The first processing with Levantine tobacco began in Terra d Otranto (the current provinces of Lecce, Brindisi and Taranto) between the late XIX and early XX centuries and were linked to the Agricultural Consortium of the Capo di Leuca territory (from 1938 Acait - Società Cooperativa Agricola Industriale del Capo di Leuca). Acait was the first cooperative agricultural consortium of the Terra d Otranto born in Tricase (Lecce, Italy) in December 1902. The Consortium began processing tobacco in 1904 and after a long and troubled history was put into liquidation in November 1995. In 2003 the municipality of Tricase acquired the historic factory, considered a monument of the industrial heritage of southern Italy, as a peculiar economic, social and human testimony of the territory. The paper illustrates the results of an ongoing study on the production site, which combines historical and archival research, an architectural survey campaign and a series of diagnostic analyses on the state of conservation, aimed at evaluating the main forms of alteration of the historic factory.

Lara De Giorgi, Ivan Ferrari, Francesco Giuri, Dora Francesca Barbolla, Chiara Torre, Giovanni Leucci
Electromagnetic survey at the messapian necropolis in Alezio (Lecce, Italy)

The Messapian necropolis of Monte D Elia is related to one of the most important ancient settlements in the Salento Peninsula (in south Italy). In order to understand the extension and layout of this necropolis in the various periods of its use, an electromagnetic prospection was undertaken in an area adjacent to the necropolis. The analysis of the electromagnetic data revealed many anomalies that could be ascribed to archaeological structures (tombs).

Lara De Giorgi, Dora Francesca Barbolla, Ivan Ferrari, Francesco Giuri, Ilaria Miccoli, Giuseppe Scardozzi, Chiara Torre, Giovanni Leucci
Geophysical investigation on the presumed Appian way

The Appian Way - Rome s gateway to the East - was Europe s first super highway and the wonder of its day. Built in 312 BC, it connected Rome with Capua (near Naples), running in a straight line for much of the way. Eventually, it stretched 644 km to Brindisi, from where Roman ships sailed to Greece and Egypt. With the aim of highlighting its route, geophysical surveys were carried out in some areas of southern Puglia. This paper deals with the results of an archaeogeophysical approach based on the comparative use of gradiometric and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements. The results of one investigated area are presented.

Daniel Lassak, Anna Novikova, Athanasios Argyriou, Nikos Papadopoulos
Satellite-Derived Bathymetry for the Islands of South-Eastern Crete

The study presents a semi-authomated model of bathymetry derivation from various satellite imageries (Pleiades, PlanetScope, and Sentinel 2-A) with different spatial resolutions, for two islands of the south-eastern Crete coast (Chrisi and Koufonisi). The workflow of the model is based on the empirical, band ratio approach and carried out within ESRI s ArcMap application. The highest accuracy that was achieved was an RMSE of 1.1 m for the bathymetry model from the PlanetScope image for Chrisi island. A low level of turbidity (low NDTI), high amount and reliability of depth training points, specific spectral characteristic (such as narrower bandwidths) and high spatial resolution provide a more precise bathymetry model for the studied islands.

P. Bilio Markasioti, George Kritikakis, Antonios Vafidis, Nikos Papadopoulos
Seismic refraction tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves for imaging offshore Cultural Heritage in very shallow water: Results from a synthetic study and real data

In archaeology, applied geophysics helps to discover new findings of our hiden cultural heritage. However, these methods have been particularly developed in terrestrial environments, leaving the shallow marine ones almost unexplored. This paper examines the effectiveness of Multichannel Analysis Surface Waves (MASW) and Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) οn imaging submerged and buried antiquities in a very shallow marine environment. For this purpose, synthetic seismic data sets were created to examine the optimum parameters for the most efficient visualization and interpretation of shallow underwater buried man made targets. The modeling results outlined that targets wider than 0.5m are reconstructed both with the SRT and the MASW methods, provided that they are buried close to the sea bottom. In addition, short spread of the receivers with the MASW provided the most satisfactory outcome concerning the location of the submerged targets. In general the modeling results are quite encouraging and together with the succesfull application of MASW method in real data can form the basis for establishing the applicability of these geophysical methods in mapping submerged archaeological structures in shallow water environments.

Tanzil Ahmmed, Cristina Galacho, José Quaresma, Patrícia Moita, A. R. Silva
Study of historical mortars from the Roman villa of Frielas (Loures, Portugal)

The Roman villa of Frielas is an archaeological site from 3rd – 6th century AD located in Loures, Portugal. The villa is on excavation since 1997. A total of eighteen mortar samples were collected from the different structures of the villa with different functional uses (render, filler, and floor) and analyzed by a multi-analytical approach. The results revealed a similar composition of binder, while differences in aggregates allowed to establish several groups. Raw materials and production technologies were significant. Results were discussed as evidence of manufacturing techniques, production technologies, and provenance of possible raw materials. The information was analyzed to understand if historic recipes from ancient Roman treatises as described by Vitruvius, were followed in the manufacturing process, or if traditional formulae were adjusted and adapted to meet a specific demand or due to resource constraints.

Chiara Tuccio, Francesco Armetta, Maria Luisa Saladino
Preliminary investigations of the action of nanostructured materials for the conservation of fresco paintings in high-humid environments

A preliminary study on the protective effect of nanostructured materials developed for the conservation of fresco paintings sited in high humidity environments is here reported. The study has been performed on mock-up samples prepared on the base of a non-invasive investigation performed on the frescos of the complex St. Mary of the Cave in Marsala (Trapani, Italy). The mock-up samples simulate both the stone support and the mortar preparation as well as the fresco painted with the same kind of pigments found in two of fresco paintings. Some nanostructured materials such as nano-sized fluorosilanes in water, nanosilica in water, nanolime and their mixtures have been tested evaluating the effect on the colour appearance and on surface properties.

Marica Liano, Tiziana E. De Lillo, Annarosa Mangone, Alessandro Monno, Rocco Laviano, Stefano Roascio, Gioacchino Tempesta, Giacomo Eramo
Diagnostic investigation on a Sorel and Portland cement boiserie at Palazzo Fizzarotti (1850-1908, Bari)

This paper reports the results of the diagnostic investigation conducted on the "boiserie" of the Rococo Hall at Palazzo Fizzarotti (1850-1908) in Bari. The boiserie is an artifact made of faux marble with included seminato elements and characterized by the presence of assembly plastering.
The study aimed to identify its constituent materials, reconstruct the production technique, and understand its conservation state to carry out a critical restoration work which respected the boiserie from a material, historical and aesthetic point of view.
Non-invasive analysis took place in situ (colorimetry, pXRF, UVF) and in laboratory (OM, SEM-EDS, µRaman, XRPD).
The results revealed the use of Sorel cement for the surface mortar layer in the faux marble elements (including the assemblage plastering) and the use of Portland cement in the "seminato" elements and the plastering depth layer, other than the technological aspects and the forms of the degradation.

Romina Strangis, Mauro Francesco La Russa, Andrea Macchia, Giorgia Salatino, Anna Arcudi, Raffaella Mancuso, Chiara Biribicchi
New green solvents for cleaning and conservation of Cultural Heritage: Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs)

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are a relatively new class of unconventional green solvents. They are obtained by mixing two or more components, a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), which form a liquid at room temperature due to their lower melting point compared to the starting materials. DESs are characterized by their low toxicity, high environmental compatibility, non flammability, and non-volatility. While DESs have found applications in various fields such as organometallic chemistry and pharmaceutical production, their potential use in restoration of cultural heritage has not been explored until now. This research project aims to synthesize DESs and investigate their effectiveness as green products for restoration practices.
The results obtained from the first case studies highlight the promising use of DESs as green solvents and biocides, able to effectively removing the products of alteration and degradation of Cultural Heritage.

Page 4 of 938 Results 31 - 40 of 9371