IMEKO Event Proceedings

Author(s)
Title (as link)
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Event

Daniel Belega, Dominique Dallet
Measurement of the Sinewave RMS Value in Noncoherent Sampling Mode
In this paper, a method to estimate the rms value of a noncoherent sampled sinewave by means of the formula used in an AC analog electronic voltmeter is presented. Adding some modifications on the algorithm, the accuracy obtained in this case was improved. This method is well suited for real-time applications in which the measurement of the sinewave rms value with relative high accuracy is sufficiently. The performances of the method proposed are proved by means of computer simulation as well as experimental results.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Matei Mihaela Florentina, Mihai Petruta, Claudia Popescu, Mihai Octavian Popescu
Testing and shaping for the performance of a system, used for solar energy production
The solar energy, like a permanent source of energy, is the optimal solution, and also a very important solution, for our investigations, because this source could solve a part of the problems related with inaccesibility and the high costs. A long series of projects are developing now, taking into consideration the importance of this problem. At University Politehnica of Bucharest, like a result of the PV Enlargement project exists a photovoltaic station. The actual system is analysed and a lot of conclusions are made, concerning the efficiency (as a result of these investigations we obtain an nergy excess of 73%) and the improving variances.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Davor Živko, Vedran Bilas
Analysis of individual PEM fuel cell operating parameters for design of optimal measurement and control instrumentation
Number of applications, power span and implementation areas for PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cells are increasing daily. All these applications require adequate measurement and control that will ensure optimal functionality of PEM fuel cell. Number of measuring quantities, especially in high – power systems, is numerous so pricing of measurement and control equipment is appreciable. In this paper we have implemented simple PEM fuel cell model and analyzed individual influences of fuel cell operating parameters, like temperature, partial pressures and membrane humidity. We have found out that influence of each operating parameter on fuel cell’s power output is different. Therefore we can design measurement and control equipment with different complexity. With that we can ensure optimal control of fuel cell’s output power and efficiency without use of costly equipment.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Boris Šnajder, Darko Vasic, Vedran Bilas
A Digital Signal Processing Technique for Pulsed Electromagnetic Inspection of Steel Tubes
A pulsed electromagnetic (PEM) technique is an effective method of nondestructive evaluation of steel tube inner diameter and wall thickness. Using time-spatial separation of direct-zone and remote-zone signals, it is possible to determine wall thickness and inner diameter with one receiving coil measuring voltage peak and zero-crossing time simultaneously. However, for fixed coil geometry the zero-crossing time can be recognized only for a limited range of wall thickness. In order to increase wall thickness range and shorten the probe, additional processing of the pulsed-eddy current signal must be applied. In this paper, we present a technique based on integration of the pick-up voltage and measurement of threshold-crossing time. The technique can be easily implemented in the existing PEM tool. We have verified the technique using numerically and experimentally obtained results for a range of tubes specified with API 5CT standard.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Gordan Štruklec, Vedran Bilas
Wireless Automatic Water-meter Reading System
Wireless automatic meter reading (AMR) system based on a fixed radio network brings many advantages when compared to other meter reading techniques. After an introduction to the state of the art of AMR systems in general, and particularly of water meter reading system, a wireless automatic water-meter reading system founded on ZigBee technology is presented. Set forth in the text are main characteristics of this low cost and low power system. The benefits of imlementing ZigBee protocol as the solution for the imposed requirements are rather thoroughly discussed, mainly in the aspect of network configuration as the basis for robust data transmission, wide area signal coverage and lowering devices’ power consumption.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Valeriy Martynyuk, Denis Makaryshkin, Juliy Boyko
Frequency Domain Analysis For Electrochemical Supercapacitors
The paper deals with the problem of creating a non-linear model of the electrochemical supercapacitors and measuring their electrical parameters in wide frequency range. Formalization of the model as a non-linear equivalent circuit enables to explain non-linear behavior of electrochemical supercapacitors such as dependence of their capacity and electrical series resistance (ESR) on the different voltage levels and frequencies. In order to determine the non-linear supercapacitor equivalent circuit parameters we carry out the impedance measurements and then perform fitting of obtained measurement results by means of impedance function, which describes the electrochemical supercapacitor non-linear properties with greater accuracy.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Valeriy Martynyuk, Denis Makaryshkin, Juliy Boyko
Electrochemical Supercapacitor Time Domain Analysis By Means Of Multi-Channel Measurement System
In this paper we present the multi-channel measurement system based on potentiostatic, galvanostatic and potentiodynamic methods or combinations of the given measurement methods. The multi-channel measurement system is controlled with the special developed software. This system enables to perform the electrochemical supercapacitor time domain analysis more completely and with high accuracy.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Slobodan Đukanovic, Mauro D’Arco, Leopoldo Angrisani
Instantaneous Frequency Estimation Of Multicomponent Signals Characterized By Interfering Linear Trajectories
The paper deals with signals that include nonstationary components. For these signals, the estimation of the instantaneous frequency of each component is especially difficult in time intervals where its trajectory interferes with another one, for example by crossing it. The attention is mainly paid to linear trajectories, seeing that any trajectory can be generally approximated as linear in the nearby of the crossing point. The authors propose a method based on the use of a two dimensional subspace of the chirplet transform, known as bowtie subspace, that allows accurate estimates of the instantaneous frequency even in the presence of crossing trajectories. The use of a restricted subspace allows a reduced computational burden and less time consumption with respect to several approaches based on advanced multiparametric transforms, typically exploited when multicomponent nonstationary signals are analyzed. The performance granted by the proposed method is assessed through a number of tests performed on simulated, emulated, and real signals.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Pier Paolo Capra, Flavio Galliana, Milena Astrua, E. Gasparotto
Use of a 100 MΩ step Hamon resistor for calibration of pico-ammeters in dc current in the range 100 pA ÷ 100 nA
This paper describes a measurement circuit for the calibration of pico-ammeters in dc current. The system is based on a 100 MΩ Hamon network developed at INRIM to improve the traceability level of the maintained 1 GΩ standard. Besides the Hamon network, the measurement system, presented in this paper, consists of a precision dc voltage source and an electronic circuit used as voltage guard driver.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Traian Chiulan, Brândusa Pantelimon
The Importance of the Short-Circuit Impedance Measurement To the Operation of the Transformer Units
Knowledge of the short-circuit impedance variation is necessary for verifying the observance of the technical conditions (including the design conditions), certain nonconformities in the winding execution, checking the winding behavior in operation, verifying the system and short-circuit calculation (including the correct protection setup), the loading of the same type units, or more importantly, of the different type ones. The measurement of the short-circuit impedance by means of a three phase low voltage power source can be performed because the value of impedances does not depend on the applied voltage. ICEMENERG has developed a modern measurement system that has been used for performing a great amount of measurements, the results of which have been compared with those of the manufacturer’s, and with those obtained by means of high voltage measurements.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

P.Camino, D.Dallet, B. Quertier, A.Baudry, B. Le Gal, G.Comoretto
A Multi-rate Filter for Broadband Radiotelescopes
We have investigated the implementation of various structures based on the Cascaded Integrator Comb (CIC) filter to replace the decimation filter in the first stage, 32-time demultiplexed input digital filter of the large Correlator System of the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array) interferometer project. The main goal of this study is to reduce the power dissipation in the 2-stage, 32-time demultiplexed ALMA digital filter implemeneted in large FPGA's by optimizing the used number of logic elements available in these chips. Different modified CIC filter implementations are presented and compared in terms of complexity and power performances. We conclude that a CIC filter with a Quarter-band filter significantly improve the overall power dissipation and thus the ALMA filter efficiency.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Susumu Sakano, Satoru Shoji
Generation of Robot Motion Based on Measurement of Human Movement
The robot plays active part in the product field and the humanoid robot is intended to enter into our human life in near future. When the humanoid robot may enter into our daily life, the various problems are occurred and must be solved. One of the most important problems is how to moves like human and how to work like human. In this research, the human walking motions are measured using motion capture system and the simulation of the robot walking motion is carried out using the results of the motion capture measurements. It was confirmed that the humanoid biped robot can walk like the human walking from the experimental results.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

M. Vallone, A. Cataldo, L. Tarricone
TDR Moisture Measurements in Sand-Like Materials: a Comparison between Different Calibration Procedures
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) is a well-established technique for the development of microwave sensors devoted to the dielectric characterization of materials. In particular the TDR has become the standard method for measuring soil water content. Although the response of the TDR signal is strictly related to the medium moisture content, it is also affected by several others factors related to the physical and chemical composition of samples and to the characteristics of soil solution. This way, for each test-case, the investigation of specific calibration procedures, plays a crucial role. This paper is focused on the feasibility of the adoption of three calibration procedures, and on the investigation of the most representative empirical and partly deterministic TDR calibration methods for real-time moisture monitoring of sand-like materials.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Alimpie Ignea, Aldo De Sabata
Hysteresis Distortions for Two-Tone Signals
As experimental evidence sugests that hysteresis type nonlinearities can be present on transmission lines, a hysteresis system is simulated numerically, and a two-tone signal is applied to its input. A FFT spectral analysis is performed on the output signal, and the dynamical behaviour of a third order beat is computed and compared to experimental data.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Vaclav Papez, Stanislava Papezova
Special Power Supply for Measuring Systems
The functions of measuring instruments and measured equipments are always affected by technical parameters of the electrical energy, which supplies apparatus and arrangements. Disturbing signals, which are spread by power line along the supply system or by the form of radiated electromagnetic waves, get through measuring circuits. The relevance of all effects grows up with the increasing of the accuracy and sensitivity of taken measurements. In this paper there are analysed parameters of typical sources that are used for power supply of measuring instruments in laboratory. There is described the construction of a special source with minimal distortion too.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Hrvoje Džapo, Roberto Giannini, Stanko Tonkovic
Reconstruction of the Earth Surface Potential Distribution using Radial Basis Functions
A credible reconstruction of a continuous two-dimensional earth surface potential distribution from a discrete set of noisy samples is essential for correct identification of regions with high values of touch and step voltages, as a part of grounding grid safety assessment procedure. This research provides some new and useful insights on the earth surface potential distribution reconstruction quality, focused mainly on the most commonly used radial basis function (RBF) interpolation kernels. The RBF approach to reconstruction was chosen because of the underlaying algorithm simplicity and the fact that it provides natural mathematical framework for smooth interpolation and approximation of potential fields from irregular sampling sets. Since the quality of potential distribution reconstruction is heavily influenced by the choice of interpolation method, sampling layout and a priori knowledge of the grounding grid structure under test, this research also elaborates some heuristic guidelines for planning proper sampling procedure and illustrates some examples of reconstructed functional shape distortions due to poor sampling layouts.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Oleh Velychko
Using Of Uncertainties Estimation In International Standards
Peculiarities of uncertainty estimation in GUM and IEC international standards are shown. The correct use of GUM for expression of measurements uncertainty in development of new and reconsideration of old international standard is recommended.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

U. Pogliano, B. Trinchera
RMS Voltage Measuring System for Precise Evaluation of Electric Quantities
This paper is about the design and the construction of a system for the measurement of the RMS voltage. One or more of these systems can be employed as building blocks for a wide range of applications in the field of electrical metrology. The first implementation demonstrated its functionality and the possibility to reach a stability of the AC voltage measurement in a wide frequency range with an accuracy within 10 parts in 10⁶, limited only by the DC voltage accuracy of the DAC employed.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Zygmunt Lech Warsza, Adam Idzkowski, Jaroslaw Makal
Experimental verification of the double-current supplied bridge circuit in 2D measurements of strain and temperature
A four-terminal (4T) bridge circuit unconventionally supplied by two current sources connected in parallel to opposite arms, named double current bridge (2J) is presented. It has two different outputs from both diagonals. Their output voltages are described as functions of arm resistances and their increments from the bridge balance in relative units are given. Example of its application in two-parameter simultaneous (2D) measurements of the strain and temperature is presented. Formulas of their signals and details of the designed conditioning circuit are given. Some results of experimental verification of this instrumentation are shortly mentioned.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Dorozhovets Mykhaylo, Warsza Zygmunt Lech
Methods of upgrading the uncertainty of type A evaluation (2) - Elimination of the influence of autocorrelation of observations and choosing the adequate distribution
It is the continuation of a previous paper, in which limitations of uncertainty type A estimation due international guide GUM, are shortly discussed and method of elimination of influence of unknown systematic components: trend and oscillation, are introduced. Below two next proposals of development and upgrading of the method type A are presented, i.e. taking in estimation the influence of autocorrelation of observation resultants and choosing the adequate type of their probability distribution by ?2 criterion, if is different that normal one, are considered. It is illustrated by numerical examples of normal, rectangular and Laplace distribution. Results are compared to parameters calculated by the actual GUM method. Conclusions and background literature are included.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Warsza Zygmunt Lech
Accuracy measures of the four arm bridge of broadly variable resistances - Part 1: Backgrounds, general case of four variable arms
After short introduction the open circuit output voltage of four-arm resistance (4R) bridge supplied by current or voltage is given. Normalized forms of its current to voltage and voltage to voltage open circuit transmittances are defined. The simplified description of accuracy of the broadly variable resistance by instantaneous, limited and random errors of its initial value and of increment is introduced. Borders (the worst cases) of the field of its possible error values are found for constant values of both this limited errors. Accuracy measures of current to voltage transmittance, i.e. instantaneous and limited errors and mean square random measures (probabilistic errors or uncertainties) are discussed in detail for general case of arbitrary variable all bridge arms. Basic formulas together with their equivalents for voltages transmittance are completed in the table 1. Literature is included. Accuracy description of other common in practice particular cases of the 4R bridge and example of its application for temperature sensors Pt 100 are described in the part 2. Final conclusions are also there.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

U. Pogliano, C.G. Bosco, M. Lanzillotti, D Serazio
Ac-dc transfer standard shunts for frequencies up to 1 MHz
A new type of coaxial shunt for high frequency ac-dc current transfer standards has been designed. The structure of the shunts with nominal current from 100 mA to 5 A are made of a disk with two coaxial conductive layers in one side. SMD resistors are soldered in parallel between the two layers. Two conductive screens are applied in both side of the disk. In order to reduce stray effects, the structure has ideally no common magnetic interaction between the input current and the output voltage and practically a very low section where the magnetic field is confined, so allowing a flat response in a wide frequency range.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Camelia Petrescu, Lavinia Ferariu, R.Olaru
Genetic Algorithm Combined with Finite Element Method for Optimum Design of Ferrofluid Actuator
This paper presents a case study concerning the optimization of a DC ferrofluid actuator designed to transmit small pressures, using genetic algorithms. The optimization problem consists in finding the values of some mechanical parameters of the actuator as well as those of the magnetic permeabilities of the device components, that render a maximum equivalent force. The magnetic field inside the actuator is determined using the finite element method and the force acting on the flexible parts is calculated using Maxwell’s magnetic tensor.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Pasquale Arpaia, Pasquale Cimmino, Fabrizio Clemente, Carmine Romanucci
A Microcontroller-based Instrument for Prostheses Osseointegration Measurement by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
A method based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for the diagnosis of prosthesis osseointegration was proposed by the Authors in previous works. In this paper, the design, the implementation, and the metrological characterization of a microcontroller-based prototype conceived as a stand alone instrument to be used for in-vivo clinical applications are presented. The preliminary experimental results of laboratory evaluation are presented.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Pedro M. Ramos, Fernando M. Janeiro, Mouhaydine Tlemçani, A. Cruz Serra
Implementation of a DSP Based Impedance Measurement Instrument Using Ellipse Fitting Algorithms
In this paper, the DSP implementation of an impedance measurement instrument based on ellipse fitting algorithms is described. The system prototype is based on a commercial DSP kit with few external electronics for baseline assessment and requirements definition. The implemented system is tested for impedance magnitudes from 100 Ω up to 15 kΩ, phases in the ±90ş range at 1 kHz measuring frequency with extremely good results.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Pedro M. Ramos, Tomáš Radil, Fernando M. Janeiro, A. Cruz Serra
DSP Based Power Quality Analyzer using New Signal Processing Algorithms for Detection and Classification of Disturbances in a Single-phase Power System
This paper describes the prototype of a power quality analyzer designed for real-time detection and classification of disturbances that occur in a single-phase power system. The previously developed algorithm for disturbance detection and classification was improved and implemented in a standalone DSP based analyzer. Its performance was verified during long term monitoring of the power system.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Dan Milici, Mariana Milici, Stefan Gh. Pentiuc
Electrocardiographical Signals Parameters Measuring
This paper present a virtual instrument using for analysing a electrocardiographical signals. An interesting analisys can be made having on the base the graphical representation of samples series depending on this derivative, using a wavelette transform or fractal analysis.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Mariana Milici, Dan Milici, Mihai Cretu
Temperature Measurement in Distributed System for Building Management
The paper present a system for management building based a compatible PC computer that communicates through a RS-485 serial protocol with the development board with microcontroller. The development boards are placed on the level of each building floor. These development boards take the signal from sensors placed on the level of each room and achieve the command function based on an independent algorithm, commanding by case the corresponding central heating or cooling plant.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Romuald Masnicki, Janusz Mindykowski
Quality improvement in measurement channel including of ADC under operation conditions
The possibility of using of the IEEE STD-1057 and STD-1241 standards for measurement channel features estimation in operation conditions is discussed. The standards concern the test methods and circuits for the devices containing ADC in laboratory conditions and cannot be simply applied in the instrument under operation conditions. Some remarks concerning the specificity of such conditions and range of applicability of standards are presented. The results of examining of selected test signal sources are discussed.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Marek Niedostatkiewicz, Grzegorz Lentka
Frequencies selection for accelerated CNLS parameter identification of anticorrosion coatings
The paper presents modified CNLS impedance spectrum fitting method of parameter identification of technical objects. The number of test frequencies is reduced to the number of parameters and the test frequencies are set according to various criteria. As a test object, the model of anticorrosion coating has been chosen. The simulated identification results are discussed in terms of identification measurement time reduction and method accuracy.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Sorin Bercea, Constantin Cenusa, Aurelia Celarel, Elena Iliescu
Experimental Approach On The Electrical Capacity Of A Plan-Paralel Ionization Chamber
This paper presents an experimental approach on the electrical capacity of an ionization chamber, of a special shape: the electrodes of the chamber are two plan-parallel plates. The distance between the two electrodes can be varied mechanically; in this way, one can obtain also a variation of the sensitive volume of detector. Such a transducer of a special shape and size is very important in the ionizing radiation metrology, because it allows the use of an absolute method for the measurement of the absorbed dose in beta rays beams or fields.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Ioan Gavril Tarnovan, Bogdan Tebrean, Titus Eduard Crisan
Shock Transducer with Hall Sensing Element
The aim of this paper is to show a determination method for mechanical shocks, using as sensing element an analogical Hall effect transducer. In the first part of the paper there will be enunciated the used physical principle, mentioning the conservation laws of mechanical energy and in following part we will describe the experimental setups and the behavior of the implemented captors. We will also analyze the factors that can generate errors or they can disturb the measurement process. There will be presented the sensors as well as a implementation method of the sensor in complex integrated parts which contain the signal processing circuits and the sensing element. We can consider this transducers not a replacement to the present methods (piezoresistive, tensometric, optical, etc), but a viable alternative which is easy to implement.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Septimiu Crisan, Ioan Gavril Tarnovan, Titus Eduard Crisan
Vein pattern recognition. Image enhancement and feature extraction algorithms
Vein pattern recognition is one of the newest biometric techniques researched today. While the concept behind the method is quite simple, there are various challenges to be found throughout the design and implementation of a vein scanning device concerning the hardware lighting system and the actual algorithms used for processing the acquired images. In order to keep the scanning errors to a minimum the image acquired from the camera should be almost noiseless and the algorithms should be able to detect the vein pattern in various real life conditions. Many implementations of this method are now in a commercial phase and there is a great need for a system that can detect, analyze and extract the correct human vein pattern while keeping a low cost and reducing the computational needs of the image processing algorithms. This paper will offer some hardware implementation solutions based on our research and different algorithms will be discussed.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Grzegorz Lentka, Jerzy Hoja
Fast impedance measurement method using Laplace transformation
The paper presents the impedance measurement method using a real-life step pulse as a perturbation signal and Laplace transformation as a tool for analyzing the response of the object under test. The method is addressed to explore different technical object (like anticorrosion coatings, gas sensors, ceramics, dielectrics biological tissues etc.) when the measurement time cannot be long. The presented method is known, but is not very popular because of some limitation. The paper presents the influence of the limitations on the accuracy of the equivalent circuit parameters identification.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Martin Novotny, Milos Sedlacek
To the uncertainty of DFT-based DSP algorithms used for processing multifrequency signals
The paper analyses effect of windowing a multi-frequency signal on the result of calculating signal parameters based on DFT. Influence of window side-lobes of nearby harmonic signals on the result of computation depends on the on the used window and on the difference in the two components magnitudes and frequencies. There are several other sources of resulting bias and uncertainty of measurements based on such algorithms. These influences are also briefly mentioned. The presented examples concern two methods of estimating RMS value, but the described principle is applicable to all algorithms based on DFT. Both theoretical relations and simulation results are included.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Milos Sedlacek, Ondrej Tomiska
Upgrading E-learning of basic measurement algorithms based on DSP and MATLAB Web Server
The paper presents an upgraded version of an application of MATLAB web server, one of MATLAB toolboxes, for teaching/learning some selected measurement algorithms important in processing discrete-time signals in measurement. The original version is described in [1] and [2]. The topics included are DFT/FFT (demonstration of DFT basic properties and DFT application in spectrum analysis and detection of week tones close to a strong tone), FIR filters (including the important moving average filter), basic IIR filters and some basics of stochastic signal processing in time domain and amplitude domain including finding SNR using correlation analysis. This upgraded version of MATLAB web server application is currently replacing an old one in teaching signal processing at Department of Measurement of the CTU in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, for both the students studying in Czech and (mostly Erasmus students) in English.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Petruta Mihai, Mihaela Matei, Mihai O. Popescu
The extrapolative methods principle for the forecast of the electrical energy consumption
As part of this paper, the main purpose is to present the elaboration methodology of some forecasts in the energy consumptions area, using few mathematical models. It is self-understood that are processes which are developed in time, in conditions of aleatory perturbation. The adaptation process must be continuous, showed in forecasts and rehearses castigations which will mentain the evolution on the target. More, once we are close to the specific targets, in the future are new targets, who presumes new forecast horizons and new decisions.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Antonio Delle Femine, Carmine Landi, Mario Luiso
A Fully Automated Measuring Station for the Calibration of Voltage Transducers
Power quality analyses in the last years has assumed more and more heaviness in industrial environments, due to the presence of non-linear loads: they require suitable and precise measuring instrumentation. Nevertheless, while there are lots of power quality standards fixing high frequency limits for harmonic analyses, there is a lack of standards concerning transducers calibration at amplitude and frequency different from the rated ones. Therefore in this paper a fully automated measuring station for the calibration of voltage transducers in wide amplitude and frequency ranges is discussed. As an application, the results of the calibration of a commercial transducer are presented: they are used to implement a time-domain procedure for real-time correction of the frequency response of the calibrated transducer.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Ciro Spataro
The PUMA method applied to the measures carried out by using a PC-based measurement instrument
The paper deals with the uncertainty management in the measurements performed by using a generic PC-based measurement instrument. To accomplish the task, the uncertainty estimation is performed by using the PUMA (Procedure for Uncertainty MAnagement) method, which is an iterative technique completely based on the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” rules, but which offers a more engineering methodology. With this approach, it is possible to optimize the cost of the measurements versus the uncertainty target, avoiding the use of inadequate or, on the contrary, too expensive instrumentation. According to the PUMA method, in the paper different approaches to evaluate the uncertainties are presented, starting from the more precise methodologies and keeping on with the coarser, but quicker and cheaper ones.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Salvatore Nuccio, Ciro Spataro, Giovanni Tinč
A procedure to evaluate the electromagnetic immunity degree of a data acquisition system
The paper deals with the empirical evaluation of the electromagnetic immunity degree of PC-based data acquisition systems. A first series of experiments is carried out subjecting the systems to known and standardized disturbances in order to check if and how their performances are corrupted. A second series of experiments is performed in locations where unknown electromagnetic disturbances are present with the aim to find a method for the evaluation of the actual effect of the disturbances. By means of the proposed approach, when a data acquisition system is used to perform a measurement, it is possible to decide if the actual measurement conditions are adequate for the measurement targets. In some cases, moreover, the procedure allows the implementation of algorithms to compensate for the disturbance effects.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

I. Târnovan, Rodica Holonec, C. Iakab
Networked Instrumentation – a New Educational Tool for Students’ Success
This paper presents the methods implemented in LabVIEW, a powerful graphical programming software that allows users to remotely monitor and control virtual instruments. Remote Panels and DataSocket can be successfully implemented in order to create virtual laboratories that would give students permanent access to useful educational resources. We created an application that remotely monitors and controls a FieldPoint system by using two virtual instruments that share data through a DataSocket server. Apart from the above-mentioned virtual instruments’ functionality, the paper also presents the structure of our FieldPoint system and how students can use the VIs to interact with FieldPoint modules.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Liliana Mâtiu-Iovan
Improvements to the Algorithm that Uses Divided Differences to Determine the Coefficients in B-Spline Interpolation
In numerical measuring processes the interpolation is an important part. Some algorithms of B-spline interpolation were developed along the time. Here are presented two additional methods to reduce the interpolation errors. These methods could be used in any case for uniformly spaced data. These interpolation processes requires supplementary numerical calculations. Always is to choose between a smallest amount of computation and better results of interpolation.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Evangelos Hristoforou, Konstantinos Kosmas, Eleftherios Kayafas
Surface Magnetic Non-Destructive Testing
In this paper, we summarize the magnetic and electromagnetic non-destructive testing techniques and devices based on the magnetostrictive delay line principle. Three main techniques are presented. The first is based on surface crack and defect detection on ferromagnetic surfaces by measuring the corresponding magnetic anomaly distribution. The second is the measurement of eddy currents generated around the cracks and defects on a magnetic or non-magnetic metallic surface. The third technique is measuring the surface magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic substances. Finally, the methods of measuring the properties of magnetostrictive ribbons and cylinders used as MDLs, such as magnetoelastic performance and longitudinal sound velocity as well as their uniformity measurements are also discussed.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Gh. Baluta, V. Horga
Control of Stepper Motors on Virtual Laboratory
E-learning has introduced new opportunities in teaching and learning electrical engineering subjects. This paper presents the architecture of a virtual engineering laboratory, designed to allow remote training in the control of dc, brushless dc and stepper servomotors. An example of stepper servomotor control on virtual laboratory is also presented.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

P. Arpaia, L. Bottura, V. Inglese, G. Spiezia
A flexible software framework for magnetic measurements at CERN: a prototype for the new generation of rotating coils
The new software platform FFMM (Flexible Framework for Magnetic Measurements) under development at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in cooperation with the University of Sannio is presented. The FFMM is aimed at facing the new test requirements arising after the production series of the Large Hadron Collider magnets. In particular, the basic concepts of the FFMM, its architecture, and the experimental implementation of a proof demonstrator are illustrated in order to show how the quality requirements of software flexibility and scalability are met.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Ioana Odor, Dorin Flaminzeanu, Cornel Baltateanu, Dan Mihai Stefanescu
About the power standards calibration in the National Institute of Metrology, Romania
The paper presents the way in which the Electrical Laboratory from the Romanian Bureau of Legal Metrology – National Institute of Metrology is managing all its capabilities to assure the traceability to SI for the references for electrical power and energy from the utilities and from the manufacturers of watt-hour-meters. The activity described in this paper is performed by using digital equipments, as well as a very accurate analogical power converter, in accordance with the international recognized methods (IEC, IEEE, EA) for calibrating power and energy meters. Till 2006, this activity of calibration was performed only for sinusoidal conditions, following documented procedures and established uncertainty budget under the quality system of the National Institute of Metrology, Romania. So, the laboratory declared the CMCs for AC power single phase and three phases in the Appendix C of The BIPM key comparison database phase. During the last year, for the first time in Romania, new activities are developed for the calibration of power standards and energy meters under non-sinusoidal conditions, and some of them are present in this paper.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Ciprian Sorandaru, Sorin Musuroi
Low Cost Data Acquisition Setup for Electrical Machines Laboratory
This paper describes the hardware and the software for data acquisition parameters, which is used in the Electrical Machines Laboratory. The hardware consists in a LEM board and a low cost data acquisition module. The main software is developed in LabVIEW. A simple Matlab sample is also presented.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Emil Vremera, Valeriu David
Measurements In The Radiofrequency Range On Absorbing And Shielding Matherials
The paper describes methods and the dedicated instrumentation set-up used for characterization the behaviors of the absorbing materials. The described methods are based on the free space measurement with a receiving/transmitter antenna and a directional coupler as an ending path of the vector analyzer. Various methods are tested for cancellation of the unwanted signals and for an adequate characterization of the true reflection/absorption coefficients for composite materials and Salisbury screen.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Emil Vremera, Luciano Brunetti, Eugen Sfartz, Luca Oberto, Marco Sellone
Microcalorimeter Techniques With Thermoelectic Transfer Standards
The paper describes the realization process of the high frequency power standard with a twin broadband microcalorimeter designed for effective efficiency measurement of power sensors based on thermocouples. The process includes the important step of the microcalorimeter self-calibration and auxiliary S-parameter measurements necessary for evaluating the system error correction. Besides the previously used microcalorimeter measurement techniques, this paper proposes a measurement method able to lead to the final result overpassing the corrections step or the use of the extrapolated values.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Jernej Dolžan, Dušan Agrež
SCPI measuring device
Measurement instruments capable communicate with remote controller are mainly used in today measurement systems. In our case software has been written that turned the microprocessor based measuring board into SCPI measuring device (SCPI- Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments). We wrote a SCPI interpreter that enables compatibility with SCPI 1999 standard. First the software has been written that enables microprocessor module to communicate via IEEE 488 bus. Then some routines have been added that enable format compatibility between microprocessor and control software at the remote computer. The developed software is universal platform for supporting the open architecture technology of virtual instruments.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Gabriel Gasparesc, Ciprian Dughir
Algorithm For Signal Reconstruction After Dynamic Compression In A Power Quality Monitoring System
This paper describe an adaptive algorithm for signals companding in the field of power quality monitoring systems, where the amplitude of signals disturbated with electromagnetic disturbances which affect the power supply quality can be very high, in last decades has increase the interest for ensure power quality and electromagnetic compatibility.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Gheorghe Todoran, Rodica Holonec
Cubic Spline Virtual Instruments Associated To Symbolic Transmittance Of Circuit
This paper develops the synthesis of some elementary cubic spline virtual instruments associated to the symbolic transmittance of circuits. The implementation of these virtual instruments is based on the power of LabVIEW programming language to develop modular applications. The method has a pronounced educational purpose and can be used in electric and electronic circuits time analysis. The general symbolic transmittance of such circuits is expressed like a linear combination of elementary symbolic transmittances. An elementary first or second order differential equation is associated to an elementary symbolic transmittance. The solutions of this equation are given by a third order spline approximates and the algorithms lead to the synthesis of inferior order spline virtual instruments. Using a cascade connection of such elementary virtual instruments, a high order virtual instrument associated to the general symbolic transmittance is obtained. Finally, the circuit response can be determined.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Luka Ferkovic, Damir Ilic
Dependence of mutual inductance of a precise Rogowski coil on the primary conductor position
A Rogowski coil is well-known current-to-voltage transducer, and in order to use it for the high-accuracy measurement of AC current (at power supply frequency) all influencing quantities and their contribution should be recognized and analyzed. Therefore, in this paper the analysis of the partial influence due to the position of the primary conductor relatively to the secondary coil, with the nonhomogeneous density of secondary turns, is analyzed. The measured deviation of the mutual inductance in this case showed very good agreement with the theoretical prediction, which is promising toward the expected application of such sensor.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Aimé Lay-Ekuakille, Giuseppe Vendramin, Amerigo Trotta
Sensor Control Unit Design for a Photoacoustic Indoor Multi-Gas Monitor
Anesthetic gaseous components are necessary to be evaluated in hospital facilities, especially in surgical pavilions. Exposure to anesthetic gases in the health sector, whether in the operating room, recovery room, or in the context of outpatient clinics, may entail a health risk for the personnel exposed. Although health care workers are exposed to much lower anesthetic concentrations than the patients, this exposure often extends over many years. Personnel often indicate fatigue and headaches, especially when occupational hygiene conditions are inadequate. The decisive factors as concerns, the adverse health effects of exposure to anesthetic gases, are mainly the type of gases used, the length of exposure, and the gas concentrations. This paper aims to describe an attempt (successful) to design a sensor control unit in order to improve photoacoustic instrumentation.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Wim Foubert, Patrick Boets, Leo Van Biesen
The effects of in-home wiring for VDSL transmission
In this paper, it is shown how the downstream en upstream capacity of a VDSL connection will be affected if the in-home splitter is not installed according to the client installation instructions. The established data rate will be investigated for several real-life in-home cabling topologies.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Karel Draxler, Renata Styblikova
Checks on a Toroidal Compensated Current Comparator with Additional Circuits
Methods for checking the sensitivity of a toroidal compensated current comparator and its inherent errors and auxiliary circuits are described in this paper. Results of the measurements are also given in graphical form.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

A.S. Fiorillo, C. Fosalau, G. Scarfone, C. Damian
A Remote Web System for Testing PVDF Sensors
In this article we describe the remote driving, via Internet, of the ultrasound sensor that can work in two different ways, for locating and sizing isolated scatterers and for ultrasonic ranging by real-time digital phase measurements. The sensor is located in the laboratory of Electrical Measurements of the Technical University of Iasi, Romania, while the remote control is located in the BioMechatronics Laboratory of the University of Magna Grćcia at Catanzaro, Italy.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Vladimír Smotlacha, Petr Tyml, Jan Cermák
Calibration of Time Stamp Authorities
The time stamp service is a network time service providing time stamp to a specific byte sequence sent to a time stamp authority/ appliance (TSA). The accuracy of the provided time stamp shall be specified by the TSA and should be calibrated. This paper discusses methods for calibration of TSA using a calibration computer and taking into account the impact of the network. The methods have been tested on an experimental TSA placed in different distances from the calibration computer and in different networks.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Beata Palczynska, Ludwik Spiralski, Jacek Wyszkowski
Measuring system of low frequency electromagnetic field on board of ships
The way of measurement of low frequency electromagnetic field intensity is presented. Computer measurement system is described, which can be used for RMS value isotropic measurement and recording of electric and magnetic components of electromagnetic field time waveforms. Later the off-line time-frequency analysis of the recorded signals can be done. Selected results of measurements made onboard Gdynia Maritime University research-training vessel are performed.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Petr Cesak, Jaroslav Roztocil
Client-server based education tool for measurement applications
This paper describes an application called server emulator. It is one part of the system for remote measurement. The system is based on the server-client communication structure over the Internet.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Radu Varbanescu, Radu Dobrescu, Ana Lucia Varbanescu, Alexandru Cazan
Teaching Data Acquisition Systems – A Hands-On Approach
Sugestive for this paper is the students’ expression that says „the first 6 years are difficult until you reach the third school year”. And the rhymes are not very far from the truth. In this moment the curriculum sets for the first two years only fundamental courses as: math, physics, mechanics, electronics, computer programming. In the last two or three years there are special courses, that are meant to transform the good theoretical base student into an inventive and skilful engineer. The partition of the education process in two separate successive stages: base preparation and technical education seams fair, theoretically speaking. Unfortunately our experience has shown that things aren’t going the right way because the lack of a professional horizon. Theoretical base preparation, time and energy consumer, barely allows the student to dream of technical accomplishments and to fulfill their hopes. Students carry on the first stage of preparation without foreseeing the MP3 encoder in the study of Fast Fourier Transform, a dancing robot control in the study of differential equations or an environment parameters monitoring system in thermodynamics. More than that, an important percent of the students is losing the enthusiasm and sometimes the belief that they will achieve what they have hoped.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Raul Land, Paul Annus, Mart Min
Time-frequency impedance spectroscopy: excitation considerations
Alternatives to the conventional sine wave excitation in the impedance measurement technologies are studied in this paper. Measurements can be performed much faster when broadband excitation signal is applied. Using of sinc and Gaussian functions, also modifications of sinc pulses are considered. Beside the traditional sine wave and rectangular pulse excitations the carefully designed pulse wave excitation can become to a serious alternative, especially when the wide frequency range measurements, exact timing, and low energy consumption are required (laboratories on the chip, implantable and wearable devices).
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

C. Dughir, A. Ignea, G. Gasparesc, A. Vârtosu
Nonlinear voltage divider
This paper is focused on how to implement a nonlinear voltage divider used in the electrical power network disturbances measurement system preconditioning circuit. The voltages acquired from the electrical power network have amplitudes between 0.2 kV and 10 kV, values which are very high for an acquisition board. These amplitudes must be reduced to the values accepted by the acquisition boards: ±10V. If the signal from the electrical power network is divided with a linear voltage divider, the smaller variations around the nominal values of the voltage on the electrical power network can not be detected. This is the reason to prefer the use of a nonlinear voltage divider.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Valeriu David, Emil Vremera, Alexandru Salceanu, Ionut Nica, Octavian Baltag
On the characterization of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of materials
In this paper we present different techniques for measuring the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the materials. A comparative study regarding the advantages and the limits of these methods in electromagnetic characterization of advanced materials for shielding purpose is considered. Additionally, the possibility to separate the contribution of absorption and reflection properties of these materials to the total shielding effectiveness was investigated.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

C.Dosoftei, C. Donciu, M. Cretu
Data acquisition system for quasidigital sensors
Actually, quasidigital sensors are become very important in noisy environments. In order to learn how quasidigital sensor works, the target of this paper is to design a data acquisition system based on a computer and a PCI (NI Pci-6221) data acquisition board to acquire data from SMT160 quasidigital temperature sensor using the ELVIS platform and Labview as a language programming software. In addition the Universal Transducer Interface from Smartec will be evaluated as an analog to frequency converter for resistive and capacitive sensors. The objective of this present paper is to study and to realize a practical application that can be called a revolution in the sensor application because it doesn’t need any additional elements or any signal acquisition: UTI (Universal Transducer Interface).
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Codrin Donciu, Marinel Temneanu, Alina Samoila
Automated Video System for Measurement Instruments Test and Calibration
This paper describes a new solution for metrological calibration of the instruments. This solution consists of realizing an automated video system, for data video-acquisition, image processing and digital command, used for various equipments, so that the tests and the calibration can be automatically made.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

E. Lunca, V. David, A. Salceanu
Broadband Tri-Axis Magnetic Field Measurement System
The interaction effects between electromagnetic fields and biological tissues depend on the frequency range of the exposure fields. The measurement of low-frequency magnetic fields with regard to human exposure typically requires two field meters, one working in the frequency bandwidth from 20 Hz to 2 kHz and the other working from 2 kHz to a few hundred kHz. This is why the authors propose a tri-axis measurement system which covers alone the wide frequency range from 40 Hz to 150 kHz. It can be used for both spot measurements and long term monitoring of the magnetic field especially inside the residential buildings.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

E. Lunca, A. Salceanu, M. Cretu
Implementing The I˛C Communication Protocol In Labview
The I˛C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) Bus is a two-wire, low to medium speed, communication bus developed by Philips Semiconductors in the early 1980s to reduce the manufacturing costs of electronic products. This paper discusses how to implement the I˛C communication protocol using National Instruments LabVIEW, the most popular programming environment for measurement and control applications. By using a simple interface circuitry for PC’s parallel port, a set of specific VIs (virtual instruments) has been created to enable testing of various devices or quickly developing PC- based data logging and recording solutions.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

LucianToma, Alexandru Salceanu, Mihai Cretu
ESD Immunity Tests in System Designs
Soft errors as well as damage can be caused by ESD in electronic systems. Such effects have resulted in many problems with companies and customers incurring large costs. Effects on system immunity from printed wiring board layout will be covered and examples of field problems described. Suggestions on how to avoid such problems are given.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Mariusz Gorniak, Romuald Masnicki
The estimation of the polymer fuses features
The protection of electrical circuits against the overload or short circuits is usually achieved by the single use of blow-out fuses. The paper contains the examining results of the multiple use of polymer fuses. The static and dynamic characteristics of selected fuses are acquired on the test station. Some interesting features of the polymer fuses, not included in datasheets, are carried out. The courses of characteristics in comparison to their technical data with elements of accuracy analysis are discussed.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

L. Ferrigno, C. Landi, M. Laracca, C. Luongo
Power Quality Monitoring in Compliance with IEC 61000-4-7
Large scale monitoring of power quality in electrical apparatuses is nowadays a pressing need due to the liberalization of electrical market and the deeper interconnections of electrical networks. Many instruments are today available on the market. Even if they grant good accuracy and measurement capability, they are generally developed for single point measurements. Their use in large scale monitoring leads to high costs. These costs are also due to the accurate processing tasks they shall realize. In this framework research activity, the authors aim at the realization of a measurement instrument for power quality monitoring in compliance with IEC 61000-4-30 and 61000-4-7 standards capable of granting good accuracy, satisfying repeatability, and cost effectiveness since the use in large scale monitoring is allowed. In this paper the attention is paid to the measurement algorithm to be adopted. The use of alternative measurement approach respect to the FFT one is proposed. Digital filters tuned on the single spectral line, and digital filters shaped on the harmonic group are optimized thoroughly for grouping measurements required by IEC EN 61000-4-7 standard. The obtained results allowing promising development in the use of this approach.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

C. Damian, C. Zet, I. Enculescu, R. Spohr
Virtual Potentiostat
In recent years, nanowires have attracted considerable attention because of their expected extraordinary physical properties and large number of possible applications in research and technology. There are different techniques to get nanowires, like electrodeposition from aqueous solutions or growth from vapors, each one characterized by special conditions and limitations. The electrodeposition process asks for a potentiostat This article presents such a device realized around a PC with data acquisition board allowing the remote control and data recording over long time periods.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Oana Neacsu, A. Salceanu, E. Lunca, V. David
Indirect Measurements on the Capacity in the Electrostatic HB Model
Considering the classic HBM, for the associated human body capacitance (HBC) is generally accepted the value of 100 pF. Developing a method based on the charge preservation and using the Model 6517A as electrometer, we measured for HBC values spread between 50 and 500 pF. This quasi-large dispersion encouraged us to emit and to experimentally verify assumptions regarding the effective values of the HBC, according to different states, circumstances and accepted models. There is good accordance between measured and expected data. One conclusion might be that the classic HBM is rather a conventional and traditional testing standard than a real world universal circuit.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

M. V. Paulet, Oana Maria Neacsu, M. Cretu, A. Salceanu
Distance-Learning using LabVIEW
Laboratories, which are found in all engineering and science programs, are an essential part of the education experience. Perhaps the simplest solution is to use a USB webcam to broadcast a picture to a remote third-party image-hosting location and access that picture through a separate browser window. However, this solution would depend on the remote image-hosting site for connection speeds, and the picture would not appear in the same window as the LabVIEW program.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Tarik Mutapcic, Roman Malaric, Damir Ilic, Drago Cmuk
Management of e-Laboratories – Development through business perspective
This paper presents a design of a future Web based measurement laboratory, by applying new architectural approach considering the state of art of advanced technology as well as the strategy for the future business perspective. Such approach also provides a lot of solutions and applications under the real conditions covering different areas of industrial research, operational analysis and system research methods. The paper discusses the results of preliminary testing using Appreciative Inquiry methodology, that are the basis for conceiving, designing and preparing marketing aspects of an e-laboratories and m-laboratories, considering its cost-effectiveness and multifunctionality of the applied model for a wide range of users. The result of this new approach will completely optimize current "e" and "m" laboratory solutions. Management through business perspective is not only technical development, it also includes educational, humanitarian, and commercial aspects.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Roman Malaric, Tarik Mutapcic, Damir Ilic
Mobile Measurement System On Demand – by PDA Or GSM Mobile Phones
This paper describes the procedure in which the widely available PDA device or even more common GSM mobile phone can be used for on demand control of the distributed measurement system with the Internet connection. With the use of new mobile Internet technology, measurement can be iniated and controlled anytime and anywhere. This mobility approach of the measurements is limited only by the availability of GSM signal from the base station. Once established, the connection between the operator (located away from the PC running as a measurement system controller) can be used in many different ways, from sending commands to PC or instrument, to control measurement process and receiving the measurement data on GSM or PDA device.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Roman Aleksander Tabisz
Measurement Processes in Conformity Assessment Systems
A key role of metrology in the realization of the concept of sustainable development of the regions and countries of the world, is underlined. In particular, are those developing regions/countries and those in the process of an economical transformation in their economic systems. The most important influence of the measurement process validation in all kinds of conformity assessment systems, is explained. The need for the creation of regional metrological centres and information systems to aid the measurement process validation for different testing and calibration laboratories, are pointed out. The research project which carries out designing and developing of the information systems, namely: Computer Aided Measurement Process Validation – CAMPV, is presented. This system can be used by regional metrological centres.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

M. Branzila, C.Alexandru, Al.Trandabat, M.Cretu
A Prototype of Web-E-Nose Device to Be Used in Medicine Fields
A web-based system used in olfactory illness patients at home and their physician was developed. A web browser plug-in simplifies the process of capturing virtual odours and transferring it to a web site for novice computer users. The design of the virtual odours capture plug-in can be reused to acquire and securely transfer any type of data over the web. For example, readings samples from Web-E-Nose device, which can be connected directly to the Internet, can be transferred to a home E- Medicine web site. Both patients and doctors can access this web site.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Carlo F. M. Carobbi
A Maximum Entropy Alternative to the U-shaped Distribution for the Evaluation of Mismatch Uncertainty in Radio-frequency and Microwave Measurements
The Maximum Entropy probability density function associated with the testable information on the range and the first and second order moments of the random quantity of interest is derived. The validity of such approach is experimentally demonstrated through comparison between the proposed maximum entropy distribution and the U-shaped distribution. The underlying physical assumptions which must be satisfied for the proper use of the U-shaped distribution are revisited in the context of wide-band applications, such as Electromagnetic Compatibility measurements.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Paul Barsanescu, Petru Carlescu
Residual Stress Measurement by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method: Influence of Hole Eccentricity
The accuracy of the hole-drilling strain-gage technique, the most widely used method for residual stress measurement, is directly related to: 1) the eccentricity between the hole center and rosette center, respectively, and 2) the accuracy of corrections for integration tendency of the strain gages. Although the drilling tool is optically aligned, the eccentricity always can not be zero and it is a source of error, affecting the accuracy of this technique. An equation for correction of the data affected by hole eccentricity has been proposed by A. Ajovalasit, but it is not precise enough, because it is founded on the wrong hypothesis that in the strain gage area there is a uni-axial state of stress, instead bi-axial one. The paper presents a new equation for data correction, which take account of the plane (bi-axial) state of stress in the strain gages area. After the hole-drilling and data acquisition, the hole eccentricity will be measured, using an optical microscope. Knowing the eccentricity, the data will be corrected using the proposed equation. This equation is more precise, because it is founded on a realistic hypothesis (bi-axial state of stress in the strain gages area).
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Antonio Delle Femine, Carmine Landi, Mario Luiso
An Automated Test Equipment For Calibration Of Energy Meters
Calibration of electrical energy meters (EEM) is coming up as a metrological concern. Latest EU directives, about measuring instruments adopted for commercial transactions, state that their accuracy must be verified in actual operating conditions. This requirement is leading all laboratories involved in EEM calibration in serious difficulty because this kind of metrological verification is, at the moment, still not fully developed or even clarified. In this paper a proper automated measurement station able to perform calibration, also on-site, is presented, the compensation techniques for improving spectral purity of test signals integrity are discussed, finally performance evaluation and examples of EEM metrological verification are shown.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Francesco Adamo, Filippo Attivissimo, Giuseppe Cavone, Anna M. L. Lanzolla
A Virtual Instrument for the Electric Power Monitoring in the Distributing Network
This work proposes a virtual instrument (VI) for the electric power quality monitoring aiming to act in real-time for detecting, monitoring and recording all typical disturbances superimposed on the ideal signal; it is based on both IEC standards 61000-4-30 and 61000-4-7 [1] [2] and on the directive for the Consultation of the Italian Authority for the Electric Power and Gas of April 6, 2005. The latter presents the peculiar features of an experimental monitoring system for the mid voltage electric energy distribution network whose experimentation should lead the distributing companies to the respect of the Voltage Quality (VQ) monitoring obligation. According to the above mentioned regulations, the proposed VI acquires both line voltage and current waveforms and carries out the innovating power quality indexes calculations in times comparable with those of other commercially available instruments; in order to obtain an accurate estimation of the parameters of interest a suitable Fast Fourier Transform interpolation algorithm is implemented in the VI. The laboratory prototype is based on a low cost data acquisition card equipped with suitable current and voltage sensors; the VI code is developed using National Instruments LabVIEW® Professional Development System and Mathworks MATLAB® and achieves very interesting performances.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Antonio Cataliotti, Alfredo Daidone, Gaetano Sanacore, Giovanni Tinč
Characterization of Medium Voltage Cables for Power Line Communication
In this paper a new approach is proposed, for the detection of harmonic sources in polluted power systems. It is a single-point strategy, based on a comparison among different “nonactive” power quantities proposed in literature, that, in the same working conditions, assume different values at the metering section. Some simulations tests were carried out on a standard IEEE test system, proposed, by other authors, as a benchmark system for the analysis of multi-point measurement techniques for harmonic pollution monitoring. The obtained results show that the proposed single point approach is in agreement with other strategies already proposed in literature and can give useful indications for the detection of the dominant harmonic source in a metering section also in some critical cases.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

L.Nita, C. Dosoftei, C. Donciu, C.Sarmasanu
Informatic system of interactive training for virtual laboratory type applications
The project proposes accomplishing of a new informatics system architecture, under the form of a high-speed virtual laboratory, with a multitask type access on laboratory work, to remove users’ waiting lists and allow reconfiguration of electric assembling in real time. Accomplishing the project was preceded by a thoroughly analysis of didactic requests according to economic problems, so that, the following aspects would be solved: Students will access from the distance real instruments and will accomplish online test montages, in the idea of understanding all the aspects of a real experiment (including possible flaws). Errors detected in prescribing the commands towards the machine will not be corrected automatically, but the student will be warned. The results of the tests will be supplied by the user in the same way the real instrument does.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Marcantonio Catelani, Lorenzo Ciani, Valeria Scarano
Analysis of a diagnostic system for railway overhead line automatic regulation
The increase number of high speed trains needs an high reliable and available railway overhead line. Because of the elevated train speed increases the wear failures, with possible railway track interruptions. Therefore it’s necessary to identify failures modes and correlated effects to improve the railway network availability and safety features as well as maintenance and renewal costs. This strictly depend on the appropriate use of diagnostic methodologies: the traditional approach of cyclic maintenance needs to be replaced by more efficient approaches, such as on-condition and predictive maintenance.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Annalisa Liccardo, Nicola Pasquino, Nello Polese
A comparative analysis of induction and electronic active energy meters
A comparative analysis of induction and electronic meters with regards to active energy measurements is presented, based on results obtained by application of a designed plan involving several input factors such as power voltage amplitude, power frequency, voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) and flicker severity.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Leopoldo Angrisani, Mauro D’Arco, Annalisa Liccardo, Rosario Schiano Lo Moriello
An innovative low-cost device for electricity metering services
The paper presents a prototype of cost-effective device mandated to identify, classify and measuring typical disturbances characterizing the quality of power supply systems. In particular, variations from the nominal root-mean-square value of the voltage signal, referred to as sag, interruption and swell, are taken into account. Moreover, specific functionalities implemented on the prototype offer the possibility of measuring the apparent and active absorbed by a connected load, as well as verifying voltage spectral purity by mean of the evaluation of a traditional total harmonic distortion index.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

M. Felizardo, R.C. Martins, T.A. Girard
Spatial identification of nucleations in Superheated Droplet Detectors
We present a new method for the identification of bubble nucleation in superheated droplet detectors. This is accomplished through some elaborate signal processing techniques applied to the acoustical recording of the nucleation events. These include the application of wavelets, chirp-z transform and pulse shape identification procedures to locate temporally and validate the nucleation together with back-propagation algorithms for spatial localization. Experimental results are given for the spatial localization at different temperatures and pressures.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Dorin Lucache, Alecsandru Simion, Leonard Livadaru
Method to determine the internal angle of a synchronous machine for establishment of the experimental torque-angle characteristic
The paper describes the experimental determination of the internal angle of a permanent- magnet synchronous electrical machine with axial air gap, using the results of the usual measurements of voltages, currents and torque in transient load operation. The particular propriety of the used test- bench is pointed out, as well the necessary improvements to reduce the method limitations.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Codrin Donciu, Marinel Temneanu, Alina Samoila
New Prototype Architecture for Vision Automated Inspection
the project proposes to accomplish a new system architecture of real-time video inspection of textile materials, which should ensure a fault tracking-down, rate of over 99%, in the presence of disturbing elements from the industrial environment. The inspection procedure stipulates that the system should learn the correct model of the textile material, so that it is able to notice the deviations that might appear during its inspection. The model changes are analyzed with the help of many detection algorithms to separate real flaws from normal variations, accepted in the material. After the detection, follows the localization of the flaw, settling the coordinates, its size and recording it in the flaw library. This is a work-in-progress that has to be finished in august 2008.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Cristian-Gyozo Haba, Liviu Breniuc, Valeriu David
e-Learning System for Temperature and Humidity Sensors and Distributed Measurement
In our paper we present an e-learning system that students can use for learning different topics related to temperature and humidity sensors. The system consists of three different temperature sensors and a temperature/humidity sensor, all controlled with the aid of a development board based on the PICmicro 18F452 microcontroller. Students can have access to the system over the Internet using a set of web based interfaces to the sensors. Using this system student can learn: the use of integrated temperature sensors, software implementation of different communication protocols (I˛C, 1-wire, CMOSens), distributed measurement systems based on these sensors, microcontroller based instrumentation, data logging and web control of measurement systems.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Pasquale Arpaia, Giovanni Meccariello, Mario Rapone, Antonio Zanesco
Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Classification of Driving Sequences in Vehicle Emission Factor Measurement
A heuristic procedure of classification, the quantum-inspired classifier (QIC), exploiting search space exploration and resource exploitation of quantum computing on a software basis is proposed. The application to the problem of speed sequence classification for vehicle emission factor determination based on drive styles is shown. Experimental results are discussed by showing the QIC capability of converging better and faster than classical evolutionary algorithms.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Leopoldo Angrisani, Luigi Battaglia, Aniello Napolitano, Rosario Schiano Lo Moriello
Web Portal for Measurement Applications based on GRID Services
The paper presents a Web Portal for measurement application based on GRID Service as an innovative solution to provide researchers with a “collection” of measurement algorithms characterized by huge computational burden. In its current version, the portal allows the execution of two different algorithms (i.e. estimation of spectral density power and instantaneous frequency). Other functionalities will successively be added to the portal, thus offering the opportunity of providing a complete set of algorithms and method for measurement signal processing.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Leopoldo Angrisani, Aniello Napolitano, Michele Vadursi
Capacity Measurement in Communication Networks
The capacity of the communication network is a key metric for both network planning and management, and performance assessment of applications that take advantage of the network. Several tools for capacity measurement are present in literature, which provide satisfying results when used in wired networks. On the contrary, they provide inaccurate results on wireless networks. The paper presents a refined study of processing times at each protocol layer, which suggests that capacity estimates provided by the existing tools are affected by a systematic error. A suitable measurement methodology and a related testbed are proposed to experimentally validate the theoretical results. The experimental outcomes demonstrate the validity of the study, and permit to explain why existing tools are inaccurate on wireless links.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

R. Ciobanu, S. Hanganu, S. Aradoaei
Evaluation of cable paper performance, by use of space charge measurements
Focused on the analysis of space charge evolution in papers for DC cables insulation, the article tries to identify some parameters derived from PEA measurements, able to characterize accurately the space-charge associated phenomena under certain poling conditions, in order to be further correlated with charge mobility and, eventually, with the physical/chemical structure consequent to the manufacturing process of the insulating material.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

B. D’Apice, C.Landi, A.Pelvio, N.Rignano
A Multi-DSP Based instrument for Real-Time Energy and PQ Measurements
The evaluation of electrical energy flows is at the base of all operations connected to the commercial transactions in energy market. Typically, the measurement apparatuses are made and characterized to work in ideal sinusoidal conditions. But, with increasing diffusion of power electronic devices, the typical characteristics of power network are far from sinusoidal ones. With the aim to link the cost of energy to the level of power quality, it is necessary to determine the energy but also the indexes which characterize the power quality. In this paper the design and implementation of a multi processor measuring instrument based on multiple digital signal processors (DSPs) is discussed. This system can embody a number of special signal processor and analog I/O modules, specifically designed to obtain the flexibility and scalability to meet the needs of real-time measurement applications and low cost. After a prototype description, a part of analysis algorithm is reported. The paper is completed by preliminary results of metrological characterization.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

H. Chiriac, D. D. Herea, S. Corodeanu
Amorphous-microwires-based sensing elements and magnetic nanoparticles for GMI biosensor
The influence of a liquid suspension of iron nanoparticles on the magneto-impedance (MI) of an array of glass-coated amorphous microwires array was studied. The array sensitivity increases as the number of the active microwires increases. The highest variation of 59% was found for 10 microwires, measured with and without magnetic nanoparticles, when using a current intensity of 10 mA.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

T. Sugimoto , T. Sawada, T. Nishikawa, T. Yamauchi
Estimation of Human Movement by Fuzzy Reasoning Method Using a Triple Axes Accelerometer
Movement of humans when walking and going up and down the stairs has been estimated using the Fuzzy reasoning method. In order to estimate that movement, the frequency distribution is determined for each variable using the obtained data from accelerometer. After this determination, strategic values are decided. The membership function for each value is defined based on experience and each adjusted membership function is weighted and then combined, with the resulting rules is determined by 36 patterns. The rules and membership function is examined against the movement to reach validation for daily use. Although more adjustment for membership function is required, this study enables the application of daily use of movement. The results can also be used to estimate the daily consumption of calories for our lifestyles.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Doris Bao, Luca De Vito, Laura Tomaciello
A Method for Classifying VoIP System Impairments
The voice quality in Internet Protocol (IP) telephony is significantly influenced by various factors, including delay, delay variation, bandwidth congestion and the distribution of packet loss. Hence, the performance of IP telephony systems is highly dependent on understanding the contribution of these factors to the voice quality. This paper deals about a method for classifying Voice over IP (VoIP) network impairments analyzing the signal power during a phone call. In particular, three main impairments have been considered: packet loss, jitter and bandwidth congestion. From the voice signal some figures of merit have been extracted and used to identify the impairments affecting the communication.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Doris Bao, Luca De Vito, Laura Tomaciello
A Method for Testing the Protocol Stack of an Access Gateway to Broadband Network
This paper describes the developement of a method to automate the validation phase of access gateways firmware releases. The method has been designed to stress the firmware in order to detect the software faults and minimize the possibility of device failures. Analysis about the performances of the proposed method shows its efficiency in term of execution time and reliability versus a manual investigation.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Dr. Iuliu Szekely, Dr. Yuri Starovoit, Emil Farkas, Pavel Martysevich, Peter Melichar
Technical Requirements to Signal Detection at Seismic Stations of the International Monitoring System - Test Method -
Seismic stations planned for monitoring of nuclear explosions banned under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) should meet certain special technical requirements, established for the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Preparatory Commission of the CTBT Organization. For verification of compliance with such stringent requirements extensive testing of the equipment instrumental noise is required. This paper presents the testing and results of seismometers and digitizers used or planned to be used in the IMS network.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Dr. Iuliu Szekely, Dr. Florin Sandu, Alexandru Balica, Dan Robu
Analysis of Wireless Measurement Transmission Performance
The permanent and almost ubiquitous world cellular network can be used for data transmissions for civil/general purposes. The use of data acquisition and data transmission over Public Land Mobile Networks can save time and improve performance with minimum footprint from technology and equipment point of view. Regarded as a cost efficient approach this method has certain benefits. Quality and availability are constantly improved and maximized for data transmission at this moment in time, thus making the solution available for small businesses and/or remote areas. Simulations and measurements with Wellman PCS-500 Digital Oscilloscope provide the data for the conclusions.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

G. Ababei, H. Chiriac
Magnetic characterization of CoFe-based glass covered amorphous wires at high frequency
Many metallic glasses are well known as soft magnetic materials, because of their amorphous structure which presumes the absence of magneto-crystalline anisotropy. It has been shown that amorphous materials are not fully isotropic, but rather have small induced anisotropies because of the cooling strains. The ferromagnetic resonance is an important tool for characterizing the magnetic materials because of the small penetration depth of the microwave radiation used in such experiments. The aim of this paper is to present a new method for magnetic properties study by FMR for as-cast CoFe-based glass covered amorphous wires, employing a vector network analyzer and microwave guide transmission line. The method can be also employed and for other magnetic sample like as thin layers and nanowire arrays.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

M. Tibu, S. Corodeanu, H. Chiriac
High Frequency Magneto-Impedance Measurements in Amorphous Wires
Magneto-impedance spectra in 100 kHz - 14GHz frequency range were measured at different magnetic fields in CoFeSiB amorphous wires. Three types of measuring techniques were used for three different frequency ranges (100 kHz- 110 MHz, 1 MHz – 3 GHz, 10 MHz – 14 GHz), the results were compared in order to establish the accuracy of the measurements and the limitation of each measuring cell. For each measuring technique there is a frequency domain determined by the measuring cell characteristics (geometry, losses, etc.). Over the maximum limit of the frequency domain unpredictable behavior could appear and the same measurement using different technique did not match. High GMI ratio, up to 400%, was found for CoFeSiB amorphous glass covered microwires at frequencies close to 50 MHz.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Marcel Stanciu, Daniela Faur, Anatolie Boev
ECG Monitoring System For Heart Rate Variability Analysis
A method to analyse HRV (heart rate variability) using an ECG monitoring system is presented. Variations in heart rate may be evaluated by a number of methods. The current methodologies used to analyse HRV are based largely on linear techniques to analyse ‘past’ and ‘present’ electrocardiogram (ECG) data in time and frequency domains. For conventional time domain analysis, the variability in the R-R interval time series derived from an ECG recording is statistically summarised using conveniently calculated measures such as SDNN (standard deviation of time interval between consecutive R peaks) and RMSSD (root-mean square of the difference between two adjacent R-R intervals). Depending on the length of the analysed ECG recording, which may vary from a few minutes to 24 hours, and the choice of the time domain measure, both short-term and long-term HRV can be quantified and characterised.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, George Kouzas, Christos – Nikolaos Anagnostopoulos, Eleftherios Kayafas
A rich internet-based programming method for measuring web freshness rates under the Pollock’s sampling scheme
In this paper, we use the Pollock’s robust design method in order to measure the ability of five well known Internet search services, namely Altavista, Google, Lycos, MSN and Yahoo! (in alphabetical order), in terms of maintaining fresh and up-to-date results in their cache directories. This paper demonstrates the first Internet-based measuremets regarding the sampling of the cached results along with their initial assesment. For conducting the sampling occassions we used a client-server communication mechanism (XMLHttpRequest), which is based on the Asynchronous Javascript and XML technology (AJAX).
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Marian Jerzy Korczynski, Andrzej Hetman, Pawel Fotowicz, Artur Hlobaz, Daniel Lewandowski
A system for the calculation of uncertainty
The goal of this paper is to present a system to calculate uncertainties in measurement. The implementation is completed and the system is now being tested. In order to participate in the testing process, point your web browser to: http://212.51.217.114/ and login using the account GUM or GUMEK with a password of GUM. If you find any errors or have any feedback on the usability of the system, please send an email to jerzykor@p.lodz.pl. If you find any errors, please include any details or supporting information that will allow diagnosis and correction of the error.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Florin Sandu, Iuliu Szekely, Wilibald Szabo, Gheorghe Scutaru
Virtual Instrumentation for Time-Domain Active and Reactive Power Measurement and Compensation in Industrial Networks
The authors implemented power measurement methods in non-sinusoidal regime using an original in-time signal processing: the temporal active power formula, applied to a pair of periodic signals representing voltage and current can be applied also to current (as it is) and Hilbert transform of voltage (kept in time domain) to compute the reactive power. The suggested algorithms were oriented towards digital signal acquisition and processing; their efficiency was compared with traditional methods and also with the implementation alternatives. Sampling rate was synchronized with the signal, as most industrial power meters don’t require a time reference (the power values are normalized to the period of the signal). The virtual instruments accomplished are directly applicable in real time monitoring and reactive power compensation for non-sinusoidal regime using recent developments in the technology of capacitors.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Pasquale Arpaia, Mario Luca Bernardi, Giuseppe Di Lucca, Vitaliano Inglese, Giovanni Spiezia
Fault self-detection of automatic testing systems by means of Aspect Oriented programming
An Aspect Oriented approach to implement fault detection in automatic measurement systems is proposed. Faults are handled by means of “aspects”, a specific software unit to better modularize issues transversal to many modules (“crosscutting concerns”). In this way, maintainability and reusability of a measurement software are improved: indeed, once a modification of the fault detection policy occurs, only the related aspects have to be modified. As an experimental case study, this technique has been applied to the fault self-detection of a flexible framework for magnetic measurements, developed at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Radu Damian, Romeo Ciobanu, Cristina Schreiner
EMC tests and properties vs. microstructure for auxetic materials
A new class of auxetic materials, a hexachiral honeycomb structure with good mechanical properties, is investigated through computer simulation and measurement. The electromagnetic properties for shielding applications are taken into account. This new material shows some interesting EMC properties (e.g. -40 dB transmittance @ 2.4GHz) and promises better performance using different insertion techniques.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Pasquale Arpaia, Pasquale Cimmino, Fabrizio Clemente, Antonio Panaggio
A real-time non-invasive system monitoring haemodynamic parameters in critical conditions by peripheral blood pressure wave analysis
A non-invasive measurement platform for peripheral blood pressure monitoring and integrated diagnosis based on a piezo film pulse sensor and suitable processing algorithms running on a laptop PC has been developed. Different parameters (such as cardiac output and systolic pressure variation) for integrated haemodynamic management in critical conditions are determined by using mathematical and/or physiopatological models. Moreover, once connected to classical patient monitors, the system computes further parameters used for haemodynamic assessment of critical patients. Experimental results of the clinical in-vivo validation in operating theatres and in intensive care units are reported.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Christos Christopoulos
The Role of Simulations in Support of Measurements at High-Frequencies
The complexity of interactions at high-frequencies requires the full range of analytical, numerical and experimental techniques to be employed to get a thorough understanding and quantification of observations. The all too often perceived dichotomy between “theory” and “measurements” is unfortunate and does not help the serious investigator. The paper attempts to show how measurements and numerical simulations in complex systems are complementary approaches and should be used together to enhance understanding.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Livia Dragomir, Ion Sandu, Brândusa Pantelimon
Consideration regarding the quality of the results of the measurement
The estimation of measurement uncertainty is a compulsive task of each metrological laboratory which has implemented the quality system. This paper presents the main factors that influence the quality of the measurement and the importance of the inter-laboratory comparison.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Ion Sandu, Livia Dragomir, Brândusa Pantelimon
Interlaboratory comparison
This paper presents the results of the “Inter-laboratory comparison” in the pressure field. The comparison refers to the manometers with elastic element, in air, in the range (0 … 2.5) bar. The pilot laboratory was National Institute of Metrology, and the participated laboratories were from industry companies. The main goal was to demonstrate the capabilities of the industry laboratories and competence of these laboratories to supply pressure unit.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Warsza Zygmunt Lech, Dorozhovets Mykhaylo, Korczynski Marian Jerzy
Methods of upgrading the uncertainty of type A evaluation. Elimination the influence of unknown drift and harmonic components
A new approach to upgrading the type A uncertainty evaluation by investigation the trend and periodical systematic components in the regularly in time performed observations is presented in the paper. This is a part of best practice, which authors recommend as upgrading the routine procedures in uncertainty evaluation according to ISO GUM recommendation. The cleaning of raw data set by elimination the systematic components and the influence of these cleanings on standard uncertainty is presented and disused. Two numerical examples are discussed.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

A. Baccigalupi, A. Liccardo
Performance Assessment of “Field Programmable Analog Arrays”
Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) are reconfigurable analog modules introduced on the electronic market in the last decade. Their working and, in particular, their programmability is achieved owing to the use of switched capacitors technology. At least in principle, they seem to be a very attractive and powerful tool to design analog circuits whose parameters have to be tuned to signal variations as in carrying out sensor conditioning systems. But, the aim of exploiting their possibilities in the field of metrology requires a complete characterization and performance assessment of the involved building blocks. With this goal, in the paper, the metrological characterization of the most commonly blocks to be used in analog conditioning circuits, such as amplifiers and filters, is performed. These blocks have been characterized in terms of both frequency response and step response and the obtained experimental results have been compared with the ones expected from theoretic analysis. Concluding remarks are then deduced to furnish practical hints in the use of FPAAs in measurement applications.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Radu Damian, Romeo Ciobanu, Marius Brînzila, Marius Olariu
Stability considerations and efficient computing in chiral materials electromagnetic simulations
A solution for the computational efficiency/accuracy compromise is searched for the electromagnetic simulation of a hexachiral honeycomb. Convergence stability is investigated for the frequency and time domain solvers, and an optimum solution (FDTD analysis in parametric studies with frequency simulation as a permanent reference) is found.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Marius Pislaru, Alexandru Trandabat, Marius Olariu
Neuro Fuzzy System For Industrial Processes Fault Diagnosis
In the last decade considerable research efforts have been spent to seek for systematic approaches to Fault Diagnosis (FD) in dynamical systems The problem of fault detection consists in detecting faults in a physical system by monitoring its inputs and outputs .Recently, the research has focused on non-linear systems FDI. Traditionally, the FD problem for non-linear dynamic systems has been approached in two steps. Firstly, the models linearized at an operating point, and then robust techniques are applied to generate residuals. This method only works well when the linearization does not cause a large mismatch between linear and non-linear models and the system operates close to the operating point specified. To deal with systems with high non-linearity and wide operation range, the FD problem has to be tackled directly using non-linear techniques. In the last decade considerable research efforts have been spent to seek for systematic approaches to Fault Diagnosis in dynamical systems.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Marius Pislaru, Alexandru Trandabat, Stefan Ursache
Fuzzy Expert System For Power Quality Assessment
This paper describes a fuzzy expert system in order to understand and deal with power quality problems encountered in distribution systems in a better way. Because of the technology and software now available this monitoring is highly effective, the fuzzy expert system not only can provide information about the quality of the power and the causes of power system disturbances, but it can identify problem conditions throughout the system before they cause widespread customer complains and equipment malfunctions. The loads in customer premises have also been the source of power quality problems. It has become important for the utilities to understand the causes for power quality problems and find ways to avoid them. The fuzzy expert system can be used in a utility for personnel training and customer education.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

G. Constantinescu, R.C. Ciobanu
Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy Of Polyethylene/Lignocellulosic Polymers Blends
Polymer blends of recycled high density poly(ethylene) (RPE) and wood flour (WF) have been prepared by using 3 types of compatibilizing agents. Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy measurements have been carried out by performing temperature sweeps at constant frequency and frequency sweeps at constant temperature. Incorporation of natural polymers and compatibilizing agent in the polyolefin matrix leads to an increase of conductivity and consequently of the dielectric loss values when comparing with those of matrix.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

S. Aradoaei, G. Constantinescu, R. Ciobanu
Dielectric Spectroscopy Analysis of Recycled PET with Different Synthetic Polymer Blends
Focused on broadband dielectric analysis of recycled PET with different synthetic polymer blends via broadband dielectric spectroscopy, the article tries to emphasize different aspects of polarization and the charge transport in the material, by an alternative representation of dielectric properties.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Paolo Barsocchi, Antonio Blasco Bonito, Stefano Chessa
Localization in Open Fields by using RSSI on IEEE 802.15.4
Localization of mobile, wireless devices is a problem of great practical interest as it can be used to support wireless sensor networks and pervasive computing applications. The simplest methodology to provide localization information is based on the RSSI obtained from the communications of wireless devices. We consider RSSI on IEEE 802.15.4 radios and we present the results of a measurement campaign which show that the classic model (log-normal) used to model signal strength is not accurate enough. We thus propose a two-ray propagation model that better describe the path loss attenuation, not only for unobstructed outdoor environment but also for an environment with the presence of low-position obstacles.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

V. D. Dorca, R. Munteanu jr., M. D. Iudean
Precision measurement method for small and very small displacements using the laser vibration meter
The paper presents a system which is capable to perform a measuring method for small and very small displacements (microns). The measurements were made using a laser vibration meter, are very precise and can be controlled with a PC. Through the static and dynamic analyze of the system, we noticed if the polarity of the current is changed, using the same current settings in the computer, the displacements of a loudspeaker’s membrane are different. The displacement of the membrane is smaller for the advancement than for the receding. A copper line could be attached to the system, line which could suffer tensions or distortions, but could be displaced horizontally very precise.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

A. Salceanu, Oana Neacsu, V.David, E. Lunca
Measurements upon Human Body Capacitance: Theory and Experimental Setup
This paper proposes a method to estimate the value of the Human Body Capacitance, by direct measuring it, with an experimental setup based on 6517A model. More accurate and stable results are obtained when improving the setup with a Faraday cage. There is offered a pertinent and sustainable by practical results explanation for the reduced measured value of the bulk capacitance of the Human body considered as a fully isolated sphere.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Yu. Kalvachev, V. Ganev, L. Macheva, J. Harizanova
User requirements for remote accessed instruments in material science
The technical specification defined from instrumentation owners of suitable for remote access expencive equipment in Material Science domain are presented. The database containing all mentioned above structured information is created and used as analytical tool in this investigation. The user community requirements in several different domains for application of remote access are evaluated and analyzed. This work is one of the main parts of RINGrid project (Remote Instrumentation in Next generation Grids) under the FP-6 program of the EC that provide close collaboration of EU member states and third countries to ensure Europe's strong participation in the research initiatives conducted at the international level.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

L. Berruti, L. Caviglione, F. Davoli, M. Perrando, M. Polizzi, S. Vignola, S. Zappatore
From the LABNET server to Web Services and the Grid: The evolution of a telecommunication measurement distributed architecture
The paper describes the development and the evolution of a distributed instrumentation architecture, which has been applied to remotely access and control telecommunication measurement devices. Two different architectural choices, one of which based on Web Services and the Grid, are briefly compared, and their integration is discussed. A current implementation is described, which makes use of a hybrid solution for the repeated transfer of measurement data.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Thomas Prokosch, Jens Volkert, Dieter Kranzlmüller
Remote Instrumentation: Building an Infrastructure Using the Grid
The EU project "RINGrid" is a research project dealing with Remote Instrumentation in Next-generation Grids, i.e. instruments are seen as grid components and operated from remote sites. While this remote operation possibly entails trendemous benefits, several key components, such as scalable data storage or collaboration tools, are still missing for its realization. This paper outlines the process of remote instrumentation and highlights during this description those components, which are not yet fully understood or available.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Junya Suehiro
Application of dielectrophoresis to fabrication of nanomaterial-based sensors
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is electrokinetic motion of dielectrically polarized materials in non-uniform electric fields. DEP has been successfully applied to manipulation of nanomaterials including CNTs, metallic nanoparticles and semiconducting nanowires. Under positive DEP force, which attracts nanomaterials toward the higher field region, nanomaterials are trapped in the electrode gap and automatically establish good electrical connections between them and the external measuring circuit. This feature allows us a fast, simple and low-cost fabrication of nanomaterial-based sensors based on a bottom-up basis. This paper firstly presents a theoretical background of DEP phenomena and then reviews recent works of the present author, which were aimed to develop nanomaterial-based sensors, such as a carbon nanotube gas sensor and a ZnO nanowire photosensor, using DEP fabrication technique.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

Boubakeur Zegnini, Laurent Boudou, Juan Martinez-Vega
An optical technique to measure the induced mechanical strain by a dc electric field in thin organic insulating films
An optical noncontact measurement technique based on the tracking of successive positions of computerized markers has been developed which enables one to characterize the electric field induced strain response of the plane gold-metalized surfaces in thin organic insulating films. The test results demonstrate that the newly developed method is capable of detecting displacement of selected markers when the sample is subjected to the application of a dc high voltage. The field-induced mechanical strain measurements have been performed as a function of time and then analyzed with respect to the applied electric field. The observed strain levels varied from ~10^-3 to 10^-2. The differences consisted mainly in the duration of dc electric field, the loading protocols, the thickness and the morphology of tested samples. The analysis of the strain characteristics indicates that this novel measurement technique can indeed be used reliably for giving a clear concept of breakdown mechanisms and aging phenomena in a polymeric material.
15th Symposium on Novelties in Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation in parallel with the 12th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, Iasi, ROMANIA, 2007

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